S-1818 contains records concerning military support provided to the United Nations Protection Force (UNPF).
Force Commander
Records consist of: operation orders and instructions; summaries of brainstorming sessions on impediments to fulfilling the mission mandate, and on prospects and limitations of political negotiations; assessments of the military situation in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Force Commander and by the Special Representative of the Force Commander in Belgrade; summaries of visits of the Force Commander, which provide information on deployment, logistics, the humanitarian situation; and agenda and summaries for Force Commander’s Conferences.
Correspondence covers such topics as: updates on the Brcko Safe Area in northern Bosnia; stabilization in the Bihac Pocket in western Bosnia and Herzegovina; attacks against UNPROFOR personnel; the impartiality of UNPROFOR; and the transfer of authority from UNPF to the NATO-led Peace Implementation Force (IFOR). There are also letters from military commanders and political officials protesting warring party actions and demanding that UNPROFOR intervene.
Daily situation reports to United Nations headquarters provide information about conditions in the UNPROFOR-designated sectors of Sector North, Sector South, Sector East, Sector West, and Sector Sarajevo, as well as in the Bihac Pocket in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in Gorazde in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. They also contain information about military activities of the Bosnian Serb Army (BSA), the Croatian Army, the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and the Army of the Republika Srpska (ARSK). These reports also document hostilities between warring parties and UNPROFOR, and provide information about: conditions at crossing points; blockades; sniping; machine gun firing; shelling incidents; explosions; mine detonation; the refugee situation; humanitarian aid operations; prisoners of war (POW) exchanges; conditions in the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs); and restrictions of freedom of movement. They also contain military assessments made by Section Commanders and reports on violations of ceasefire agreements.
Files pertaining to the Office of the Force Commander include: tables detailing Serbian ceasefire violations; memoranda on air power; summaries of meetings between the Force Commander and military officers of warring parties; correspondence between the Force Commander and officers in the Force; and statements made at the close of the Force Commander’s tenure.
Deputy Force Commander
Records pertaining to UNPROFOR’s mandate and Status of Forces Agreeement (SOFA) include: chronologies of events related to the UNPROFOR mandate; informal consultations of the Security Council on the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA); political and legal analyses, briefs, and reports of the Secretary-General on the renewal of UNPROFOR’s mandate; and summaries of negotiations on the mandate of the United Nations Peace Forces (UNPF).
Also included are papers and memoranda on the organization and management of UNPROFOR, UNPREDEP, UNCRO and UNPF; on the restructuring of the Operations Division; and on the UNPF transition to the Peace Implementation Force (IFOR).
Records on operations in Sectors North, South, East, and West consist of: summaries of visits by the Deputy Force Commander; reports on the United Nations presence along borders; operation orders; transcripts of high-level conversations and on-the-ground negotiations; sketches and annotated maps of military positions and maneuvers; assessment reports on damage to local buildings and civilian dwellings; correspondence and summaries of discussions between the SRSG and political and military officials, including Dr. Radovan Karadzic, the President of Republika Srpska; analyses on perceptions of UNPROFOR; and concept papers on potential outcomes of the military conflict. Also included are similar records pertaining to operations in: Sarajevo, Mostar and Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina; and in Lipik and Medak in Croatia.
Records pertaining to borders and crossing points include: procedures for UNPROFOR personnel on traversing crossing points; reports describing confrontations at crossing points; and reports on the installation of blockades and analyses on their impact; summaries of meetings with the Government of Croatia on issues relating to freedom of movement; and memoranda and reports on the monitoring of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Records pertaining to air operations and NATO air strikes include: Force Commander’s analytical papers on the use of air power; memoranda on the use of the Tuzla Airfield; background and analytical papers and status updates on close air support; chronologies, press statements, and analytical papers on air strikes; summaries of meetings between the SRSG and the Force Commander discussing air strikes; and transcripts of interviews with Admiral Leighton W. Smith, the Commander of the NATO-led Peace Implementation Force (IFOR).
Also included are records pertaining to alleged participation by UNPROFOR personnel in the black market. These consist of: minutes of the Black Marketing Steering Committee; investigation reports; and memoranda on the anti-black marketing public information campaign, which was aimed toward mission personnel.
Records pertaining to missing persons, prisoners of war, refugees, and detainees consist of: correspondence, reports and statistics on the status and movement of refugees and on conditions in refugee settlements; memoranda on the return of displaced persons to locations in the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs); updates on the release of detainees; and letters from the Association of Displaced Persons of the County of Sisak-Moslavina in Croatia.
Also included are reports of human rights abuses, including: beatings, rape, intimidation, looting and burning of civilian homes and community property, forced expulsions from towns and villages, forced marching of civilians, forced separation of draft-age men from their families, forced labor, unlawful detention, killings, and mass executions. There are also memoranda and reports on ethnic cleansing and mass graves.
Records also include: the Force Commander’s end-of-mission report; summaries of informal consultations of the Security Council on violations of international humanitarian law and human rights; chronologies of diplomatic negotiations; guidelines for handling violations of ceasefire agreements; reports on monitoring of the no fly zone; analyses of media interviews with political figures; transcripts of interviews with UNPF officials on Croatian TV; and analyses on the visit of Pope John Paul II to Croatia in September 1994. There are also summaries of Contingent Commanders’ Conferences, meetings of the Contact Group, and meetings between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and UNPROFOR.
Chief of Staff
Records include: summaries of meetings between UNPROFOR and UNPF military officers and warring parties; protocol for responding to bomb threats; concept of operations for the Rapid Reaction Force (RRF); analyses of the influence of the United Nations on NATO during the peace process; memoranda on the deployment of Military Observers; and discussion papers and analyses on the UNPROFOR rules of engagement.
Military Liaison Office, Zagreb
Records include: memoranda describing the role and structure of the Military Liaison Office; correspondence of the Military Liaison Offices located in Belgrade, Serbia, and Ljubjana, Slovenia; agenda and briefings for Liaison Office conferences; tour reports by the Chief Military Liaison Officer; and draft revisions of the Force Commander’s Policy Directive 7, which pertains to border crossing.
Logistics Branch
Records include: logistics directives on maintenance, supply, movement, contingent-owned material, procurement of goods and services, and the issuing of clothing and vehicles; regulations on the use of ammunition and explosives; chronological reports of convoy routes and a policy handbook on convoy movement; summaries of meetings on convoy operations in conflict areas; charts on battalion organization and composition, summaries of visits by logistics officers to battalion bases, and battalion debriefings; schematic diagrams of logistics deployment; memoranda on winterization requirements for operations and on policies for obtaining supplies from third-world countries; and weekly programs of the Chief of the Logistics Branch.
Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC)
The Joint Logistics Operations Centre coordinated the logistics needs of all military and civilian elements operating within the mission. Records include: administration and logistics instructions; movement orders; terms of reference and organization charts of the logistics component; weekly logistic situation reports with information about movement and transport, deployment, infrastructure and engineering, and contingent rotations; outline plans for support of the Contact Group Peace Accord; and analyses of NATO-related issues.
Also included are documents concerning the Theatre Reserve Force, which consisted of the Multinational Brigade, the Airmobile Brigade and the French Brigade. These records include: meeting minutes and recommended action reports on winterization; situation reports on reinforcements; concept of operations papers; and agreements concerning the basing of the brigades.
Documents pertaining to the restructuring of the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO) include: operation plans for battalions; operation orders for the withdrawal of UNCRO troops from Croatia; proposals on the reorganization of UNCRO military units; and summaries of coordination meetings.
Force Engineer Branch
Records include: reports on the organization, functions and assets of the Force Engineer Branch; memoranda on the consolidation of the UNPROFOR and UNPF engineer staff; Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) on engineering and logistics; reports and memoranda discussing withdrawal plans and engineering aspects of ceasefire agreements; Force Engineer’s action points; and memoranda on the state of roads in Bosnia, supply routes, and efforts to repair highways and water mains. Also included are summaries of meetings and conferences attended by the Force Engineer, covering such topics as: theatre preparation, force reductions, resources, engineer operations in sectors, mine clearance, and winterization.
Records concerning the restoration of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia include: summaries of technical assessment meetings on the economic agreement between the Croatian government and Croatian Serbs; reports on the relocation of displaced persons; reports and memoranda on setting up refugee camps and providing supplies; correspondence with the UNHCR; memoranda regarding repairs to oil pipelines; reports on the restoration of a water pumping station damaged by an explosion in March 1994 in the village of Kakma, Croatia; and reports on structural damage to the Peruca Dam in the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) by a series of explosions in January 1993.
Force Medical Office
Included are medical policy papers on topics such as: humanitarian medical care; media access to UNPROFOR casualties; UNPROFOR’s responsibility toward casualties of warring factions; mass casualties; evacuation and repatriation of casualties; and HIV in the military community.
Other records include: memoranda on positioning of medical stations in the field; papers describing the functions and operations of the medical support services provided to UNPROFOR personnel; papers and memoranda describing the functions and organization of the Field Surgical Team; memoranda detailing first, second and third lines of medical support in the field; summaries of meetings between UNPROFOR officials and staff of local hospitals; maps depicting the locations of local hospitals; morbidity statistical reports; memoranda on the protection of humanitarian convoys; correspondence between mission officials and Croatian government officials regarding autopsy requirements; correspondence and reports regarding the United States Hospital in Zagreb; and memoranda on post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological counseling services. Also included are reports on: Force Medical Conferences; Force Commander’s Conferences; Operations Branch Conferences; Military Information Conferences; and Coordination Conferences of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG).
Operation Grapple was a British operation tasked with protecting the delivery of humanitarian aid in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Included are records pertaining to its medical aspects, such as: reports detailing medical assets of Operation Grapple; memoranda describing psychiatric support provided to members of Operation Grapple; and End of Tour Reports. Operation Grapple situation reports provide information on military actions of warring parties, humanitarian aid deliveries, and the status of British Forces.
Operation Hanwood was the segment of the British Medical Forces in Croatia tasked with providing medical support for UNPROFOR. Records consist of End of Tour and Post Operational reports, which provide information about concept of operations; pre-deployment training; medical tasks performed; medical matters in sectors; major incidents affecting operational ability; and the larger context of the Operation.
Records on refugees include: statistics; reports detailing medical support provided to refugees and assessing health issues in refugee camps; reports on visits to refugee camps and on the status of refugees operations; and summaries of meetings between UNPROFOR representatives and humanitarian aid agencies. Minutes of the Working Group for Health of the World Health Organization (WHO) concern topics such as: coordination of health agency activities; the drafting of policy on health issues; and medical services provided in the Bihac Pocket, Srebrenica, Belgrade, Gorazde, Zenica, Sarajevo, Tuzla and other areas.
Files on sectors contain: monthly reports of the Sector Medical Liaison Officer (SMEDLO) which provide information on medical support, operational, and humanitarian activities; environmental health situation reports detailing water quality and pest control measures; memoranda regarding the establishment of a medical clinic at Tuzla Air Base; and papers discussing the implications of the withdrawal of the British Medial Battalion (BRITMEDBAT).
Force Medical Office, Administrative Files
Records include: correspondence of the Force Medical Officer; charts depicting medical information reporting channels; weekly and monthly medical statistical reports on clinical services, diagnoses, and casualties; and papers and memoranda on medical support provided during the withdrawal of UNCRO from Croatia, with details of planning principles, concept of operations, and phases of operation.
Force Hygiene Office
Records consist of: reports of visits by the Force Hygiene Officer and by environmental health officers to sectors to inspect cooking and accommodation facilities, refuse disposal, and sanitation, and to investigate outbreaks of infectious disease and rodent and insect infestations.
Also included are records pertaining to the Batnoga and Turanj Refugee Camps in Croatia, which include: reports on hygiene and camp requirements; summaries of visits to the camps detailing facilities and living conditions; and memoranda on preventative medicine recommendations for refugee camps.
There are also records pertaining to the provision of potable water to UNPROFOR personnel in Sarajevo, which consist of: policy and guidelines on water supply methods; comments on the results of the chemical and bacteriological testing of water samples; and correspondence and memoranda on the problems of enacting reliable supply methods.
United Nations Command in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM COMD)
The United Nations Command in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM COMD) was charged with monitoring and reporting developments in border areas on the Macedonian side of the Republic’s borders with Albania and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). Headquartered in Skopje, FYROM COMD reported to UNPROFOR headquarters and liaised with Macedonian military and civil authorities. Records consist of: fortnightly reports detailing military and political developments in FRYOM; memoranda on border relations between Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY); military information summaries reporting on activities of the Army of Yugoslavia (AY), the Army of the Republic of Macedonia (APM), and the Albanian Forces; summaries of meetings between FYROM Command officials and military officials of the Army of Yugoslavia; reports from military observations posts and sketches of positions in the field; and FYROM Command organization charts and papers describing its concept of operations.
Headquarters, Ploce Port
Included are records of the mission’s military headquarters located in the port of Ploce on Croatia’s Adriatic Coast. Records include: reports of visits to the Ploce headquarters, and reports describing dock operations in Ploce Port; memoranda and correspondence pertaining to the mission’s occupation of premises in the port of Ploce; ground plans of the Ploce Dockyard Camp; summaries of meetings on daily operations of the Ploce Dockyard Camp; and reports and tables on winterization and downsizing of the Ploce Dockyard Camp.