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UNTAC Civilian Investigation Boards were convened by the Director of Administration to make decisions regarding injuries, property damage, and property loss in which UNTAC civilian personnel were involved. Serious incidents were referred to a Headquarters Boards of Inquiry for further investigation and action. UNTAC's Boards of Inquiry Unit administered all Boards of Inquiry on behalf of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General; accordingly, it was the custodian of the Civilian Investigation Boards records.

Series consists of final reports and supporting documentation of UNTAC Civilian Investigation Boards 1, 2 and 3. Supporting documentation includes: witness statement forms, interoffice memoranda, accident/incident reports, security statement forms, security investigation reports, damage/discrepancy reports, medical reports, and incident sketches. The series is arranged by Civilian Investigation Boards case number.

Title based on series contents.

UNTAC Civilian Investigation Boards were convened by the Director of Administration to make decisions regarding injuries, property damage, and property loss in which UNTAC civilian personnel were involved. Serious incidents were referred to a Headquarters Boards of Inquiry for further investigation and action. UNTAC's Boards of Inquiry Unit administered all Boards of Inquiry on behalf of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General; accordingly, it was the custodian of the Civilian Investigation Boards records.

Series consists of final reports and supporting documentation of UNTAC Civilian Investigation Boards 1, 2 and 3. Supporting documentation includes: witness statement forms, interoffice memoranda, accident/incident reports, security statement forms, security investigation reports, damage/discrepancy reports, medical reports, and incident sketches. The series is arranged by Civilian Investigation Boards case number.

Title based on series contents.

Boards of Inquiry Unit - Closed cases

Series contains closed case files of various UNTAC Boards of Inquiry. Records at the beginning of the series are arranged by UNTAC personnel surname; the latter records are grouped by subsequent actions (e.g. No further action [required], Property Survey Boards) or subjects (theft, deminers, miscellaneous, missing vehicles).

Title based on series contents.

Series contains closed case files of various UNTAC Boards of Inquiry. Records at the beginning of the series are arranged by UNTAC personnel surname; the latter records are grouped by subsequent actions (e.g. No further action [required], Property Survey Boards) or subjects (theft, deminers, miscellaneous, missing vehicles).

Title based on series contents.

UNTAC Military Component Boards of Inquiry (BOI) were convened to make decisions regarding injuries, property damage, and property loss in which UNTAC military personnel were involved. In cases [in progress] where military personnel of a formed unit were involved, the Formed Unit Commander concerned, in consultation with the Chief Military Personnel Officer (CMPO), would convene a Formed Unit Military Boards of Inquiry. Where the person involved was either a UN military observer or other military personnel not of a formed unit, the Force Commander, in consultation with the CMPO, would convene a Non-Formed Unit Military Boards of Inquiry. Serious incidents were referred to a Headquarters Boards of Inquiry for further investigation and action. UNTAC's Boards of Inquiry Unit administered all Boards of Inquiry on behalf of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General; accordingly, it was the custodian of the Military BOI records.

Series consists of final reports and supporting documentation of the Formed Unit and Non-Formed Unit Military Boards of Inquiry. Supporting documentation includes: witness statement forms, BOI convening orders, interoffice memoranda, accident/incident reports, security statement forms, security investigation reports, damage/discrepancy reports, medical reports, incident sketches and photographs, UNTAC repatriation forms, clearance certificates, movement of personnel forms, UNTAC Civilian Police Special Investigation Section case reports, provisional condemnation certificates, and caution statement forms. Subjects include theft, traffic accidents, equipment damage, and assaults. The series is arranged alphabetically by UNTAC personnel surname, irrespective of personnel's unit affiliation.

Title based on series contents.

Series chiefly in English with some Khmer, French, Dutch, Bulgarian, Polish, Spanish and Thai.

Boards of Inquiry Unit

Series contains miscellaneous records of the Boards of Inquiry Unit. Records appear in the following order: accident/incident reports (with supporting documentation), original Boards of Inquiry convening orders, closed cases, additional case files, and various memoranda.

Title based on series contents.

Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed

The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was formed in February 1992 to ensure the implementation of these agreements.

Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, born in Sukkar, Pakistan on 2 October 1932, studied at the University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and political science in 1951 and a Master of Arts degree in political science in 1953.

In October 1955, Mr. Ahmed entered Pakistan's Foreign Service, where he held a number of posts including Director for United Nations Affairs and Economic Coordination in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1968 to 1970.

In May 1970, Mr. Ahmed began his career at the UN Secretariat, serving in the following capacities: Secretary of the Economic and Social Council, 1970 - 1973; Director of the Resources and Programme Planning Office, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1973 - 1975; Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General, 1975 - 1978; Chef de Cabinet, 1978 - 1982; Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization, 1983 - 1986; and Under-Secretary-General for International Economic and Social Affairs, 1987 - 1992. Mr. Ahmed also served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs in South-East Asia, during which time he helped to negotiate the Agreements on a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict (a.k.a. The Paris Agreements), signed on 23 October 1991.

In April 1992, Mr. Ahmed left New York to become the Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).

The series contains the Kampuchea/Cambodia-related records of Mr. Ahmed created and collected from 1975 to 1992. In 1992, custodianship of the records was transferred from Mr. Ahmed to Mr. A.H.S. Ataul Karim, chief liaison officer of the United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC). Mr. Karim retained custodianship of the records while serving as UNTAC's political adviser to the special representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Yasushi Akashi.

The majority of the series is arranged by alphanumeric subject classification as follows:
6A - General files on the state of Kampuchea
6B - International conferences, meetings, etc.
6C - International Conference on Cambodia, 30 July - 30 Aug. 1989
6D - Meetings of the five permanent members of the Security Council
6E - Meetings of the Secretary-General with the five permanent members of the Security Council
6F - Meetings of the Supreme National Council (SNC)
6G - International Conference on Cambodia, Paris, 21 - 23 Oct. 1991
6H - Documents and records related to General Assembly consideration of the situation in Cambodia, 34th through 46th sessions

The end of the series, which details the establishment of UNAMIC and UNTAC, is arranged by subject.

Operational subject files of the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), who later served concurrently as Officer-in-Charge (OIC), UNTAC. The series is arranged into two sub-series, one chiefly reflecting work conducted as CAO (S-0997-0001-01 through S-0997-0005-05), and one primarily documenting work conducted as OIC (S-0997-0006-01 through S-0997-0007-11). Both sub-series are arranged alphabetically by subject.

Title based on series contents.

Electoral Support

The Electoral Component was established, with respect to the 28 February 1992 UNTAC mandate, to organize and conduct an election of a Constituent Assembly. The Electoral Component was led by Professor Reginald Austin, the Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) who reported to Yasushi Akashi, the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG). Voter registration opened on 5 October 1992 and polling took place on 23-28 May 1993. There was a turnout of 4,267,192 voters, representing 89.56% of those registered to vote.

The Electoral Component Headquarters was located in Phnom Penh. There were four Electoral Component divisions located at the Component HQ: Administration and Coordination; Training, Education, and Communications; Operations and Computers; and the Complaints, Compliance, and Enforcement Unit (CCEU). The Divisions were headed by Deputy Chief Electoral Officers (DCEOs).

Provincial offices reported to the Electoral Component Headquarters and were headed by Provincial Electoral Officers (PEOs). The offices were located in provincial capital cities and feature records from district offices, headed by District Electoral Supervisors (DESs).

Electoral Component Headquarters
The Component HQ implemented the Electoral Law for Cambodia with regard to the Comprehensive Political Agreement for Cambodia of 23 October 1991 and in consultation with the Supreme National Council (SNC) of Cambodia. Through provincial and district offices, the Component developed and coordinated the registration and polling process. The files contain working papers about the development of the Electoral Law, including revisions and amendments annotated by the CEO and DCEOs. Some of the files also hold agenda, summaries, speeches, and attendance lists for UNTAC meetings with and seminars held for political party representatives and the SNC. Memoranda in the files concern: the SRSG’s Electoral Advisory Committee (EAC) and the development of electoral law; expatriate Cambodians voting at polling stations in New York, Paris, and Sydney; and the monitoring of the elections by non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Several files relate to the Constituent Assembly. These hold memoranda between the SRSG, the CEO, the Chief of the Civilian Personnel Office, the Legal Adviser, and Cambodian politicians about UNTAC’s support of the Assembly. The files include reports and resolutions, biographies of Assembly staff, draft internal regulations of the Assembly, and speeches made by Cambodian politicians and UNTAC personnel. There are also records documenting the development of the Constitution of Cambodia which include: annotated drafts of the Constitution, summaries of meetings about the Constitution, reports from constitutional seminars, and a working paper written by the CEO and titled “Constitutional Principles.”

The Electoral Component Headquarters collection also contains records received from the provincial and district electoral offices. These consist of daily and weekly situation reports, meeting minutes, and surveys. The situation reports were generated by the Provincial Electoral Officers (PEO) and describe: the registration of individuals and political parties; polling; and the security of civilians, UNTAC staff and political party personnel. Additionally, there are minutes for coordination meetings held between the CEO, DCEOs and other UNTAC components which focus on the conduct of political officials and the registration of displaced persons. There are also records of the 21-23 June 1993 PEO internal debriefing conference about the conduct of elections, which include working papers summarizing PEO challenges and surveys concerning the performance of the Electoral Component divisions.

Other records in the collection describe the work and activities of the Electoral Component’s Complaints, Compliance and Enforcement Unit (CCEU), the Administration and Coordination Division, and the Operations and Computers Division.

The Complaints, Compliance and Enforcement Unit investigated alleged violations of electoral law. Memoranda in the files contain information about: the formation of the CCEU; CCEU procedures for handling complaints; collaboration with other UNTAC components; PEO meetings with local authorities; and data about CCEU case types.

A key group of records are the case files, which include a variety of investigative reports concerning violations of electoral law, some alleged, as well as memoranda and notes to file about final handling of cases. The case files document:
• Confiscation of registration cards
• Defamation of party propaganda
• Intimidation of political party members
• Politically motivated killings of civilians and political officials
• Politically motivated kidnapping of civilians and political officials
• Unlawful arrests of civilians
• Registration fraud
• Threats to UNTAC by faction soldiers
• Military attacks on political offices
• Human rights violations
• Shooting and grenade throwing at district party offices
• Allegations of politically-motivated crime
• Alleged violence committed by party officers
• Alleged violence committed against party officers

The files for the Administration and Coordination Division were geographically organized by province. They hold memoranda on electoral policy and procedures, such as the handling of objections to registration, as well as working papers on, for example, possible creation of national identification cards to facilitate the electoral process. In addition, there are meeting summaries of the Communications Working Group and the Transport/Deployment Working Group. These detail voter registration efforts.

The Operations and Computers Division records consist of memoranda, reports, and maps. The memoranda largely concern tally disputes and post-election transport of ballots from polling sites. PEO weekly situation reports are annotated by the CEO and attached maps depict the locations of registration sites. In addition, there are reports about logistics of security and access to polling stations. Also included are the Division’s Logistics and Communications Planning Group reports and working papers.

A final set of records documents the activities of the Security Liaison Officer, who reported to the CEO. The files hold meeting summaries, memoranda, and copies of information requests that were sent to PEO offices. The meeting summaries describe deployments for mobile polling places, the movement of warring factions, and safety ratings for provinces. The memoranda detail a variety of subjects, such as the use of metal detectors at polling places. There are also copies of reports that were sent to the UNTAC Operations Component about the movements of warring factions; security and safety measures checklists that were completed by PEOs; and security plans and briefs.

Electoral Component, Banteay Meanchey Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Banteay Meanchey Province contain DES issued weekly reports; Information/Education Division press briefings and analysis; civic education pamphlets; minutes of Coordination and Electoral Component meetings; and annotated maps of district offices, memoranda, and notes. The memoranda exchanged between the PEO, DESs, and DCEOs concern a variety of topics, including: training programs for registration and civic education staff; registration procedures; a code of conduct for political parties; and the role of party agents in monitoring elections. There are also memoranda between DESs and the Provincial Human Rights Officer about joint planning for programs such as Human Rights Day, celebrated on 10 December 1992. In addition, there are handwritten notes by the PEO and DESs about returnees settling in the province, collaboration with Civilian Police, and the distribution of UNTAC civic education materials.

Electoral Component, Battambang Province
The files for the Electoral Component in Battambang Province contain memoranda, meeting minutes, descriptions of villages, and civic education materials. The memoranda exchanged between the PEO, DESs, and the Electoral Component DCEOs concern registration strategies, as well as seminars for political parties and civic education. Minutes are available for: coordination meetings attended by local UNTAC personnel, civilians, and political parties; Battambang Province personnel meetings; and the Battambang Public Roundtable meeting of political parties held on 15 May 1993. The Advance Electoral Planning Unit (AEPU) created the village descriptions. Among the civic education materials is a March 1993 collection of Cambodian stories titled “On the Road to Pailin: Songs and Stories from the Electoral Team of Rattanak Mondul District.” There are also civic education lesson plans.

Electoral Component, Kampong Cham Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kampong Cham Province consist of memoranda written by the PEO for the CEO about the political situation in the province, the timing of the polling process, and the safety of personnel. Other memoranda directed to DESs also concern the safety and security of polling stations. In addition, the files contain civic education material about the polling process.

Electoral Component, Kampong Chhnang Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kampong Chhnang Province contain memoranda sent by the PEO to DESs about human rights and civic education in districts; district-level registration procedures; and CIVPOL assistance to be provided at registration sites.

Electoral Component, Kampong Speu Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kampong Speu Province consist of meeting minutes and correspondence. The minutes are for coordination meetings held at the Kampong Speu Provincial Headquarters and attended by local UNTAC personnel, civilians, and political parties. The correspondence, sent between the DESs and the Provincial Human Rights Officer, concerns plans for public programs, such as Human Rights Day.

Electoral Component, Kampong Thom Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kampong Thom Province focus on military security. The files contain AEPU reports with annotated maps of district boundaries; memoranda about security for UNTAC personnel and Cambodian civilians; and a set of reports prepared by the Joint Control Center (JCC) about security at registration sites. In addition, there is a Detailed Security Plan for Kampong Thom Province Town, dated 13 April 1993. Another file contains the Force Provost Marshal’s 1 June 1993 final investigation report on the deaths of DES Nakata Atsuhito and his interpreter Lay Sok Pheap.

Electoral Component, Kampot Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kampot Province include meeting minutes, weekly reports, and procedures prepared for DESs about the registration process and training of political party agents. The minutes are from a meeting about electoral law held by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for provincial political parties. The weekly reports were authored by DESs and sent to the PEO along with meeting reports about the civic education of women in the province. Topics covered in the weekly reports include the registration process, DES access to remote villages, and communication with other UNTAC components.

Electoral Component, Kandal Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kandal Province primarily consist of weekly reports authored by DESs. Topics include access to registration sites, meetings with Commune Chiefs, and agenda for civic education programs. The files also contain detailed descriptions of the districts in the province, with hand-drawn maps and demographic data. These were prepared by the AEPU.

Electoral Component, Koh Kong Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Koh Kong Province consist of weekly reports authored by DESs about the progress of the registration effort in villages. Included in the files is A Handbook on Returnee Monitoring in Cambodia, which contains information about the administration of health and social services for returnees to Koh Kong Province. It was prepared by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR).

Electoral Component, Kratie Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Kratie Province contain weekly reports authored by DESs. In addition, in an AEPU file, there is information about the cartographic methodology used to delineate districts. The AEPU file also has reports on villages which describe living conditions such as availability of water, sanitation, security, and means of transportation.

Electoral Component, Phnom Penh Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Phnom Penh Province consist of detailed provincial and district reports prepared by the AEPU. The reports contain maps and data on the province’s population, communes, and villages. The names of local officials, public buildings, and possible registration and polling sites are indicated in the reports. They also describe the local economy and the availability of services such as fuel, rice mills, markets, and transportation, as well as describing.

Electoral Component, Prey Veng Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Prey Veng Province consist of weekly reports and meeting minutes. The reports, authored by DESs, cover: civic education events; civic education targeted at female voters; and false identity cards presented at registration sites; and other subjects. The minutes detail: weekly meetings of the DES, the Provincial Special Task Force on Public Order, and Coordination, Security Meetings, and JCC Meetings. Coordination with Civilian Police and other Components on such topics as arrest procedures and the security of registration sites, polling sites, and staff is described in the minutes.

Electoral Component, Pursat Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Pursat Province include weekly reports and village reports, prepared by DESs, the weekly reports detail activities of local political party offices. The village reports contain information about the political climate, the questions asked by villagers about the electoral process, and civic education activities implemented, such as the distribution of UNTAC pamphlets.

Electoral Component, Sihanoukville Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Sihanoukville Province consist of DES AEPU reports on the local population and weekly reports. The DES reports concern such topics as security, civic education, establishment of polling stations, and cases of political intimidation.

Electoral Component, Stung Treng Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Stung Treng Province consist of a variety of reports and memoranda. There are weekly reports authored by DESs which detail civic education, the training of local polling station staff and meetings about political freedom in provincial districts. There are also reports on weekly PEO meetings held with DESs. The memoranda sent from the Coordination Officer at Electoral Component Headquarters, through the PEO, to various UNTAC personnel are largely about air operations, plans for polling, and support from military and CIVPOL components.

Electoral Component, Svay Rieng Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Svay Rieng Province include weekly reports prepared by DESs and by Civil Administration staff. There are also pamphlets with the text of the Paris Agreements, in English and Khmer.

Electoral Component, Takeo Province
The records of the Electoral Component in Takeo Province include weekly reports prepared by DESs. In addition, there are “Election Planning” files, which contain hand-annotated maps indicating locations for polling station sites.

Military Support

S-1854: Military Support

The Cambodian military factions, and their respective political parties, consisted of:

Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF) - State of Cambodia (SOC)

National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK) - Party of Democratic Kampuchea/Cambodia National Unity Party (PDK/Khmer Rouge/CNUP)

Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) - Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF)

National Army of Independent Cambodia (ANKI) - United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC)

The UNTAC headquarters was located in Phnom Penh, Cambodia and led by a Force Commander who reported directly to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) at United Nations Headquarters in New York. There was a Chief of Staff who reported to the Force Commander and the Deputy Force Commander. Reporting to the Chief of Staff were the Operation Branch, Plans Branch, Personnel Branch, Logistics Branch, Engineer Branch, and the Medical Branch.

The UNTAC Military Component was mandated to: monitor the ceasefire and disengagement of forces; monitor withdrawal of Vietnamese forces from Cambodia; facilitate and monitor the demobilization and disarming of 70 percent of each faction’s force, as well as the cantonment of the remaining 30 percent; and to conduct mine clearance. The military also provided security for the electoral process.

The Paris Peace Agreement (October 1991) made a provision for a Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG), to be chaired by the most senior United Nations military officer in Cambodia (or his representative), with participation by the ANKI, CPAF, KPNLAF, and NADK factions. Each faction nominated a principal representative and three special advisors with technical expertise (in legitimate military functions, such as operations, administration, engineering, or transport) to attend MMWG meetings.

The MMWG met regularly to resolve problems that arose in the observance of the ceasefire. Similar liaison arrangements were made at lower military command levels to resolve practical problems on the ground. The level of the MMWG meeting determined who attended. The meeting levels were:

Secretariat Level - Chaired by Chief of MMWG Secretariat and Chief Civil Liaison Officer, Lt. Col. J. Damien Healy, and attended by Faction Liaison Officers and the MMWG Secretariat staff.

Level I – Weekly meetings of high-level, permanent representatives of all parties, chaired by the Force Commander. The focus of these meetings was to summarize the achievements of the week and project tasks for the following week.
Level II – Meetings were conducted on a daily basis or as required. Chaired by the Deputy Force Commander,
Level II meetings were attended by special advisors or technical experts from the parties as required.

MMWG subgroups (alternatively referred to as working groups) included: Security Working Group; Force Structure Working Group; Engineer Planning Subgroup; and a Finance and Infrastructure Working Group.

UNTAC Provisional Standing Operating Procedures called for local MMWGs to be formed at each sector headquarters. Chaired by the Sector Commander, the local MMWG working groups focused on border checkpoints, cantonment, and the resolution of local interfaction problems, especially ceasefire violations. There were also emergency meetings. The convening of emergency meetings was the exclusive right of the Chairman following the advice of his staff or a request from a Level I or Level II permanent member. Each party was to be given at least six hours notice of an emergency meeting and attendance by the principal representative or by the senior member of the special advisors was desired.

Force Commander
The UNTAC Military Component was led by Force Commander (FC) Lieutenant Colonel John Sanderson of Australia, who was based at UNTAC HQ in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Sanderson reported directly to Yasushi Akashi, Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG). Their communications exchanged operational information concerning UNTAC troop contributing nations, as well as the military and diplomatic coordination between UN-NY and UNTAC. Routine correspondence from the Force Commander’s Military Assistant (MA) to Sector Commanders and Senior Maritime Operations Officers is also present in the records. Documents of note are periodic liaison letters prepared by the MA, for dissemination throughout the Military Component. The liaison letters describe the general situation, including information about faction activities, the Civilian Police (CIVPOL), finances, and human rights violations.

The records include summaries of MMWG meetings chaired by the FC. The summaries describe the discussion of issues such as: post-election security; the structural arrangement of the Cambodian Armed Forces and Navy; the role of a quadripartite maritime liaison office in the formulation of a maritime strategy for Cambodia; and proposals of the Cambodian People’s Armed Forces (CPAF) for the return of weapons and ammunition for the CPAF Navy.

The FC’s records contain Standing Operating Procedures (SOPs), Operation Orders (OPORDERS), and memoranda establishing UNTAC’s military action. These comprise: directives of the SRSG reflecting on legal issues, such as the reluctance of Cambodian judges to hear cases prosecuted by the Special Prosecutor and drafts toward establishing procedures for the prosecution of persons responsible for human rights violations; Proposed Development and Operation of the Cambodian Border Control Mechanism (September 1993); Logistics Instructions for Military Units and Electoral Teams (October 1992); Use of Military Aircraft in UNTAC Mission Area (December 1992); UNTAC Communications Facilities (March 1992); and reports concerning the use of United Nations Military Observers (UNMO) and other UN staff as election officers. Other records describe the activities of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre (CMAC) and include documentation of the agreements between UNTAC and CMAC, and a paper on the future of CMAC, post-UNTAC (July 1993).

The records include information on the rehabilitation and cantonment of warring factions’ troops by the UNTAC military component, such as: a brief titled “Employment of Cantoned Troops” authored by Chief of Plans (July 1992); a paper on the Employment Generation Programme, formulated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the International Labour Organization (ILO,) which includes extensive training schemes for demobilised soldiers (September 1992); and a Statement on Rehabilitation by the SRSG to the Supreme National Council (January 1993).

The records also contain the SRSG’s statements to UNTAC staff and to the Cambodian Supreme National Council (SNC) about electoral issues, made in July 1992 and May 1993.

The FC files also comprise records of the Chief of Military Public Information, who was based at HQ UNTAC and who liaised directly with the FC. These include a military public information plan, weekly military information summaries, and military information notes.

The UNTAC Military Police (MILPOL) were headquartered in Phnom Penh, and their records consist of investigation reports and planning documents, such as MILPOL SOPs (June 1993) and a memorandum titled “Functioning of UNTAC Military Police,” from Force Provost Marshal to Chief Military Police Officer (August 1992). These documents were circulated widely, including to the FC and COS. Records of the Civilian Police (CIVPOL), also headquartered in Phnom Penh, include: a report on the phasing out of CIVPOL, from the FC to the CIVPOL Commissioner; a Concept of Operation of CIVPOL Withdrawal Operation; and an investigation of the theft of ancient religious artefacts and a cave-in at the Bante Chmar Wat, in Banteay Meanchey Province (August 1992).

The records of UNTAC battalions document the presence of contingent nation’s contribution to the military component. Documents of note include: Ghanaian Battalion (GHANBAT) OPORDERS 2, 3, 4, and 6; and a report titled “Background of Japanese Engineering Battalion,” describing the historical background, domestic political situation, organization of peacekeeping operations in Japan, and the legal background for their involvement in UNTAC. The Battalion records also include investigation reports on the Tuk Meas Slaughter (August 1992) and the Strategic Investigation Team’s report on the alleged threat against UNMOs by the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK) at Kraya (August 1992).

Plans Branch
The UNTAC Plans Branch was headquartered in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and reported to the Force Commander (FC) through the Chief of Staff (COS). The Plans Branch included: the Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG); the MMWG subgroups (alternatively referred to as working groups); the Civil Liaison Cell; and the Training Cell.

The files of the Plans Branch contain summaries of meetings of various levels of the MMWG. The levels represented are: Level I; Level II; Secretariat Level; Chiefs of General Staff Level; the Engineer Planning Subgroup; the Maritime Subgroup; the Finance and Infrastructure Subgroup; and the Sector Liaison Section. Topics of the meetings range from faction requests for the return of cantoned weapons due to a deteriorating security situation (Level I) and ceasefire violations (Level II); to training and formation of the Combined Maritime Development Group (Maritime Subgroup). In addition to meeting summaries, the records also contain MMWG policy papers and discussion papers, often with annotated drafts, prepared by the MMWG Secretariat and circulated between the FC and the Plans Branch (General Chiefs of Staff Level).

The Civil Liaison Cell (CLC) was headed by the Chief Civil Liaison Officer and Chief of the MMWG Secretariat, Lieutenant Colonel J. Damien Healy. The records of the CLC are comprised of correspondence between UNTAC and high-level faction representatives and/or their respective political party. The correspondence was exchanged primarily between Lt. Col. Healy and: the FC; the Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF); the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK); Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF); and the National Army of Independent Cambodia (ANKI). Topics of the correspondence include: proposed UNTAC responses to NADK actions, prepared by Lt. Col. Healy and sent to the FC (August 1992); UNTAC-authored Policy Advice Papers (October 1992 and April 1993); internal responses to drafts of discussion papers prepared by the Plans Branch for MMWG meetings (January 1993); and UNTAC official responses to statements issued by factions. The records also contain correspondence and summaries of meetings between the FC and faction leaders, which were copied to the CLC. There are: summaries of monthly meetings between the FC and CPAF (February - July 1993) and correspondence between the FC and the KPNLAF regarding a rupture within the faction, and the FC’s call for a single command structure (June 1993).

The records of the Chief of Plans contain incoming and outgoing faxes which include: weekly military information summaries, describing the general activities of the military component; a paper prepared by the FC for Sector Commanders entitled, UNTAC’S Isolation from the Cambodian Population (August 1992); and a Civic Action Pamphlet, prepared by the Deputy Force Commander which describs the purpose and philosophy of civic action and the duties and responsibilities of the Civic Action Cell, Sector Commanders, and United Nations Military Observers (July 1992).

The Training Cell, headed by a Senior Training Officer, coordinated and monitored the retraining of cantoned soldiers. The records of the Training Cell consist of incoming and outgoing faxes pertaining to the progress and development of rehabilitation programs. Details of the reintegration training programmes during cantonment are found in the cantonment records. The programmes detailed include: entrepreneurship training (January 1993); learning vocations such as soap making, metal work, fish drying and natural fibre rope making (March 1993); a functional literacy programme (November 1992); and a drivers training project (November 1992). The cantonment records also contain extensive interviews with self-demobilized soldiers.

The records of the Plans Branch also hold drafts of Operation Orders (OPORDERS) 1 - 4, and 6, which were for the joint military component of UNTAC. The Orders direct: engineering support to the military component; the control and coordination of maritime operations; and UNTAC’s withdrawal operation.

Operation Branch
The UNTAC Operation Branch (Ops Branch) of the military component was headquartered in Phnom Pehn, Cambodia, and was comprised of the: Air Support Cell; Maritime Cell; Monitoring Cell; Civilian Police (CIVPOL) Liaison Cell; and the Signals Cell. The Operation Branch was headed by the Chief of Operations (COO), Colonel Mohd Aris, who reported to the Force Commander (FC) through the Chief of Staff (COS). The primary task of the Ops Branch was the execution of the FC’s orders.

The records largely consist of periodic reports on the general activities of the military component. These include daily situation reports (SITREP) drafted by the COO and sent from UNTAC Ops headquarters to the Assistant Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, at the United Nations headquarters in New York. The SITREP detail the operations and activities of the military component providing information about: Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG) liaison; faction activity; cantonment progress; and personnel strength. Also present in the records are periodic summaries (PERSUM) prepared monthly by the Senior Sector United Nations Military Observer (SSUNMO) and sent to UNTAC headquarters. These describe: the political and military situation in a sector, ceasefire violations (CFV), firing incidents (FI), and reports on UNMO activities. The records also contain daily ceasefire violation (CFV) reports prepared by the SSUNMO and sent to the Monitoring Cell at the Ops Branch headquarters. These reports briefly describe the investigation of CFV carried out by UNMO, and indicate the location and the faction(s) involved.

The records also contain UNTAC Operation Orders and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). The directives pertain to: the carriage and use of weapons by UNTAC personnel; security plans for military support during the election, such as an electoral registration safety and security plan (October 1992); and the guarding of political party offices (December 1992).

In addition, there are summaries of meetings of the sector level and Level I MMWG and subject files concerning the self-demobilisation of members of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK). The records also contain reports of the Strategic Investigation Team (SIT) which was tasked with investigating violations of the Paris Agreement of 23 October 1991. The allegations investigated include: the presence of foreign forces in Cambodia, ceasefire violations, and violations of general security measures.

Operation Branch, Monitoring Cell
The Monitoring Cell was a component of to the UNTAC Operation Branch (Ops Branch), headquartered in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

The records of the Monitoring Cell contain periodic reports on the general activities of the military component. These include daily situation reports (SITREP) drafted by the Chief of Operations (COO) at the Ops Branch for the Assistant Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, at the United Nations headquarters in New York. The SITREP detail the operations and activities of the military component and include information about: Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG) liaison, faction activity, cantonment progress, and personnel strength. Also present in the records are periodic summaries (PERSUM) drafted monthly by the Senior Sector United Nations Military Observer (SSUNMO) and sent to UNTAC headquarters in Phnom Penh. These describe: the political and military situation in a sector, ceasefire violations (CFV), firing incidents (FI), and reports on UNMO activities.

Incoming and outgoing correspondence from the UNTAC sectors are also present in the records. Documents of note in this general correspondence include: “Lessons Learned” reports prepared by the SSUNMO and sent to the Monitoring Cell and the Plans Branch at UNTAC HQ (July 1993); a handwritten Area of Operation (AO) report prepared by the UNMO team at Prey Veng Province, describing faction activities, the political situation, and general information about the area; and cantonment site reports prepared by sector monitoring teams detailing the Chhanang and Toek Poh cantonment sites, evaluating site objectives and providing recommendations, photos, and a hand-drawn layout of the facilities.

Also present in the records is documentation of investigations carried out by UNMOs and sent to the Monitoring Cell. Acts of aggression perpetrated by the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK) against other factions, villages, and UNTAC are prominent in the investigations. There is also a NADK subject file which contains faction information and memoranda regarding procedures for self-demobilisation of NADK forces, as well as interviews with self-demobilised soldiers.

The records also include reports of the Border Liaison Cell. This cell consisted of border check points established by UNTAC at selected locations along the Cambodian side of the border and at airfields inside Cambodia. Stationed at these checkpoints were five UNMO, ten soldiers as well as faction Liaison Officers. The UNMO monitored and verified parties’ compliance with the Paris Agreement, including the cessation of outside military assistance to Cambodian factions. The records contain general incoming and outgoing correspondence as well as monthly border and foreign liaison briefs, which were sent from the Border Liaison Cell and widely circulated. These briefs cover activities of the Cell, and contain information about the intrusion of foreign forces; smuggling of Arms/Ammo; density of cross-border traffic and trade; and cross-border liaison.

Phnom Penh Special Zone
The records of Phnom Penh Special Zone (PNP SZ) document the general activities of the UNTAC Military Component.

Included in the records are daily situation reports (SITREP) drafted by the Chief of Operations (COO) and sent from UNTAC headquarters in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to the Assistant Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, at the United Nations headquarters in New York. The SITREP detail the operations and activities of the military component including information about: Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG) liaison; faction activity; cantonment progress; and personnel strength. Weekly military information summaries (MILINFOSUM) prepared by the Military Information Branch at UNTAC HQ and widely distributed, are also present in the records. MILINFOSUM describe the general situation and activities of the military component.

The records also contain meeting summaries of the MMWG Secretariat level. These often include supporting documents such as: discussion papers and annotated drafts prepared by the Secretariat; text of presentations; and a brief titled, “MMWG Guidance on Faction Responsibilities for the Provision of Security during the Elections” (May 1993).

Investigations carried out by the United Nations Military Police (MILPOL) are also included in the records. These investigations are primarily concerned with assaults on party officials and party offices in PNP SZ. The records also contain some investigations carried out by United Nations Military Observers (UNMO) of ceasefire violations.

General incoming and outgoing correspondence from the PNP SZ is also present in the records. Documents of note include: drawings of officer rank insignia for the Cambodian People's Armed Forces (February 1993); and a publication from the Military Information Branch, “New Hope for Cambodia” (June 1993).

The records also contain Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Operation Orders issued by the Force Commander to the Military Component. Security instructions for the May 1993 general elections (Operation Safeguard) aimed to secure the city of Phnom Penh during the election are prominently represented in the records.

Operation Branch, Monitoring Cell, Strategic Investigation Team
The Strategic Investigation Programme was initiated in June 1992 with the primary purpose of investigating allegations of the presence of foreign forces (FF) in Cambodia. The operations of the Strategic Investigation Teams (SIT) drew their legitimacy from provisions of the Paris Agreement of 23 October 1991.

The SIT tasks included the investigation and verification of: the location of arms, ammunition and other military supplies for disposal by the respective sector troops; ceasefire violations (CFV) by one or more factions; deliberate violation or interference with the cantonment process; and other matters as directed by the Force Commander.

The records contain general and detailed information about SIT investigations including transcribed interviews with witnesses and supporting documentation such as photos and/or sketches.

SIT investigations present in the records include:
• The killing of Bulgarian Battalion (BULBAT) soldiers in Kampong Speu Province, April 1993
• The killing of 6 Vietnamese at Peam Chhkaok in Kampong Chhnang Province, August 1993
• The killing of 8 Vietnamese in Kampong Chnang, July 1993
• CFV in Angkor Chum, Siem Reap Province, March 1993
• Ambush near Phum Ku, Cambodia, which resulted in the death of a Japanese CIVPOL officer, May 1993
• Firing Incident and detention of UNTAC vehicles and personnel, January 1993
• Alleged presence of FF in the State of Cambodia (SOC) Communications Ministry, May 1993
• Alleged presence of FF in Kampong Cham Province, February 1993

Documents of note, also included in the records are: a paper titled, “Cambodian People's Armed Forces Position on the Accusation of the Presence of Foreign Forces in Cambodia,” prepared by the Coordinator of Communication of the SOC Ministry of Defence, for the UNTAC Force Commander (March 1993); and a “Table of Allegations of Political Intimidation in Cambodia” (January 1993). Another paper, “Reference material and Investigation Reports on the Presence of Foreign Forces,” was prepared by the Chief of the SIT, for UNTAC’s Legal Advisor (February 1993). This paper provides a synopsis on recent investigations of FF, and includes the response from the Legal Advisor assessing which cases investigated, were legally within the scope of the term “foreign forces.”

Border Liaison Cell
The Border Liaison Cell functioned under the office of the Deputy Force Commander (DFC), Brigadier General Robert Rideau. Through the DFC, the Cell reported to the Force Commander and advised the Operations Branch.

The Border Liaison Cell consisted of border checkpoints established by UNTAC at select locations along Cambodia’s border with Thailand, Laos, and Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), and at airfields within Cambodia. Stationed at these checkpoints were five UNMO, ten soldiers as well as faction Liaison Officers. The UNMO were to monitor and verify parties’ compliance with the Paris Agreement of 23 October 1991, including cessation of outside military assistance to Cambodian factions.

The records include border liaison summaries, sent from checkpoints to the Border Liaison Cell in the office of the DFC. These reports describe the activities at the checkpoint, contain the names of faction LOs posted at the location, and provide details about incidents such as: smuggling of arms and ammunition; entry of foreign civilians; airspace violations; and illegal trafficking of natural resources. The records also document UNMO investigations of logging and gem operations in Cambodia (March - May 1993).

Daily press briefings are also present in the records. These were sent from the Liaison Coordinator at UNTAC headquarters and widely circulated. They summarize the daily briefing, delivered by UNTAC Spokesman Erick Falt or his Assistant, Eric Berman.

The records contain notable documents such as: a working paper titled, “UNTAC Border Control Mechanism” (September 1992), which includes an annotated and handwritten drafts; a “Draft Declaration on the Mining and Export of Minerals and Gems” prepared by the director of the Rehabilitation Component (December 1993); and a mission report prepared by the Natural Resources Controller of Civil Affairs and titled, “Declaration on the export of logs from Cambodia” (November 1992). The Border Liaison Cell files also include the 26 October 1992 “Guidelines for UNTAC Operations in Thailand,” which details crossing point locations along the Thai border, in addition to the Force Commander’s crossing point procedures for UNTAC personnel.

The records also provide information about violations by UNTAC of SRV airspace (1993). Documentation relating to these incidents includes: protest letters from SRV representatives; summaries of meetings between LOs of respective parties; a memoranda from the Force Commander to the Ambassador of the SRV expressing regret over the reported incidents.

Memoranda from April 1993 concern Operation Safe Passage, which facilitated the safe escort of over 18,000 SRV refugees from Cambodia. A “SRV Exodus Log,” present in the records provides information about SRV refugee movement, including the: total number of SRV; number of vessels; the number of families. The Naval Operations Order 1/93, Operation Safe Passage, dated 30 March 1993, is also included.

The files also contain summaries of meetings between the Border Liaison Cell and SRV which detail the movements of ethnic Vietnamese in and out of Cambodia. The military climate of the border area after the 23-28 May 1993 Cambodia elections is also documented. The records which relate to the Cambodian-Vietnamese border also notably include: memoranda regarding the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of UNMOs; and an 11 May 1993 report titled “Report on the Training of Cambodian Immigration and Border Control Officers.”

Logistics Branch
The Logistics Branch was tasked with ensuring efficient flow of material and equipment to the Military Component. Posted at UNTAC headquarters in Phnom Penh, Cambodia was a Chief Logistics Officer (CLO) who was responsible for the planning, execution and supervision of all logistics activities within the Military Component. The CLO reported to the Force Commander (FC) through the Deputy Force Commander (DFC).

The records of the Logistics Branch contain operational planning documents such as Logistics Directives, issued between June 1992 and April 1993, which establish how the Branch’s responsibilities would be carried out. There is also a 1 October 1992 document titled “Logistic Instructions for Electoral Teams,” which details logistics for the Electoral Component’s deployment of voter registration kits.

The records also include minutes of the Commanding Officer’s conferences from February and April of 1993. There is also a document titled, “Long Programme for the Secretary-General 7-8 April 1993,” with the agenda for the visit of the Secretary-General, a list of attendees, and plans for the arrival and departure ceremonies with hand-drawn diagrams. Also present in the records are a “Lessons Learned” report, prepared by the CLO and sent to the Chief of Plans (July 1993), and a lengthy document titled, “Surface Transport Report – Cambodia,” which reports, reconnaissance of rail, waterway, and road transportation in Cambodia.

Military Police, Force Provost Marshal
UNTAC Military Police (MP) operated under the authority of the Force Commander (FC) and was tasked with the discipline of military personnel. The Force Provost Marshal (alternatively referred to as Military Provost Marshal) was posted at UNTAC headquarters in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and reported to the FC through the Chief of Staff (COS).

The records of the Force Provost Marshal include: minutes of weekly Chief of Staff meetings; agenda for the Deputy Force Commander Conference (December 1992); and statements issued by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Yasushi Akashi, to UNTAC staff (March, May 1993). The records also contain memoranda on topics such as: the Military Police’s role in the UNTAC-sponsored, public meeting among the political parties (May 1993); and Military Police powers of arrest and search, prepared by the UNTAC Special Prosecutor (August 93).

Engineer Branch
Headed by the Force Engineer, the Engineer Branch was managed by the Engineer Planning and Liaison Cell. Included in the records are the Engineer Branch Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), operation orders, and operation order annexes. The annexes detail the maintenance of Cambodian infrastructure in relation to activities of the warring factions. Also included in the files are the meeting minutes of the Mixed Military Working Group (MMWG) and the Engineer Planning Sub Group.

Police Support

Civilian Police, Commissioner
The Civilian Police consisted of the Operations Branch, the Logistics Branch, the Liaison Branch, the Personnel Branch, and the Inspection and Discipline Branch. The Civilian Police also managed a Special Task Force, which reported to the Operations Branch. Twenty-one provincial headquarters, headed by Provincial Commanders, were also established. The headquarters of the Civilian Police was located in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The Civilian Police were mandated to ensure that law and order were maintained effectively and impartially in Cambodia, and that human rights were fully protected. Additionally, the Civilian Police: supervised and trained local police; ensured that political rallies were free of harassment and intimidation and that campaigners could exercise freedom of speech; ensured safe and orderly voter registration; monitored static and mobile polling stations during the election for the Cambodian Constituent Assembly held 23-28 May 1993; and assisted refugees returning to Cambodia. Brigadier General Klaas C. Roos of the Netherlands served as the Commissioner of the Civilian Police for the duration of the mission.

Chronological and operations files primarily contain briefs and memoranda issued by the Commissioner and sent to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) and the Civilian Police on the following topics: maintenance of security and neutrality in the electoral environment; monitoring of political party activity; the progress of investigations; the operation of the Khmer Police Training School and CIVPOL’s training of Khmer police; operations of the Special Task Force of the Civilian Police; the protection of ethnic Vietnamese and their movements within and out of Cambodia; and the closure of Civilian Police headquarters in September 1993. There are also directives for the Civilian Police when reporting on public meetings, rallies, and demonstrations, when stationed at political party offices, and during the May 1993 election. Chronological and operations files also contain a concept for the withdrawal of the Civilian Police operation.

In addition, the Commissioner’s files contain: briefs on the organization and mandate of the Civilian Police; Standard Operating Procedures for Civilian Police Monitors; summaries of meetings between the Commissioner and leaders of the State of Cambodia (SOC), political parties, and factions; summaries of meetings of Provincial Commanders; briefs describing terrorism and incidents of politically-motivated violence, particularly grenade attacks on political party offices and murders of political party members; a discussion paper titled “UN Peacekeeping: Lessons Learned from the Cambodia Mission”, dated 22 July 1993; an evaluation report on the UNTAC Civilian Police, dating from August 1993. There are also lists with data on the geographic deployment of CIVPOL, and on the strength and nationality of CIVPOL monitors.

Civilian Police, Operations Branch, Communications Centre
Part of the Operations Branch, the Communications Centre was the focal point for the transmission of information to Civilian Police deployed throughout Cambodia. The Centre’s records consist of daily and weekly situation reports compiled by the Civilian Police Deputy Chief of Operations and sent to the Commissioner.

The situation reports detail incidents throughout the provinces, including armed robberies, shootings, shelling, murders, abductions, political intimidation, vehicle theft and traffic accidents. Incidents often were perpetrated by the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK), the Cambodian People’s Armed Forces (CPAF), and the Khmer People National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF). The reports note: CIVPOL’s confiscation of weapons and ammunition; CIVPOL’s monitoring of the activities of political parties; operations at UNTAC-monitored checkpoints; activities of the local police of the State of Cambodia (SOC); ceasefire violations; the movements of Vietnamese; landmine explosions; and anti-UNTAC demonstrations and activities, such as attacks on UN vehicles and the circulation of anti-UNTAC leaflets among the population. Also reported are the activities of the Civilian Police Airport Team stationed at the Pochentong International Airport in Phnom Penh. The Civilian Police Airport Team monitored the arrival and departure of VIPs and items, particularly gold and foreign currencies, being declared at the airport Customs Office.

Records of the CIVPOL Communications Centre also include: weekly reports on arms and ammunitions seized by CIVPOL, noting the locations and circumstances of the seizures; and weekly reports of political intimidation, such as arson, vandalism of party offices and signage, death threats against party members, and bomb throwing at political party offices. In addition, the files contain statistics on political party activity and statistics on voter registration.

Civilian Police, Operations Branch
The Operations Branch was commanded by the Chief of Operations, who reported to the Commissioner.

Records primarily consist of chronological files documenting routine operational activities of the Civilian Police. These hold briefs and memoranda on a range of subjects, including: monitoring and closures of political party offices; the training of local police; activities of factions, including the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK) and the Cambodian People’s Armed Forces (CPAF); activities at road checkpoints; security provided to electoral registration and polling centres; security at the Pochentong International Airport in Phnom Penh; and the harassment of Vietnamese in Cambodia.

The chronological files also include reports on a variety of topics, such as: reconnaissance and familiarization tours of provinces and districts conducted by the Civilian Police; secret meetings held by warring factions; soldiers who approached the Civilian Police after surrendering from factions; conditions in provincial prisons and the status of individual prisoners; the confiscation of weapons and ammunition; and ceasefire violations. Chronological files also contain: leaflets circulated in the local population and collected by UNTAC indicative of anti-UNTAC sentiment and political intimidation; reviews and analyses on the criminal justice system in provinces; and statistics on the movements and resettlement of displaced persons.

In addition, the chronological files contain summaries of meetings held by the Civilian Police with: provincial government representatives; chiefs of local police; representatives of political parties, including the National United Front for and Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), the Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party (BLDP), the Cambodia People’s Party (CPP) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP); and leaders of factions. Daily situation reports and daily patrol reports sent from the CIVPOL Province Commanders to CIVPOL headquarters in Phnom Penh document CIVPOL visits to districts and villages. They are also found in the chronological files, and they note: the status of investigations; conditions in prisons; living conditions in villages, such as the availability of food and potable water, and the conditions of roads and bridges; and civilian complaints against the local police and provincial government officials.

Chronological files of Civilian Police operations in provinces also contain reports of investigations carried out by the Civilian Police. Crimes investigated include: murders of political party members, locally-recruited election staff, and local police; death threats, hand grenade attacks, and arson carried out against political party members; abduction of political party members; attacks and arson on political party offices and disruptions of political party meetings; the removal, destruction, and defacing of political party signboards and posters; forced conscription; attacks on villages by factions; extortion and bribing of local police in communes, at trading posts, and at road checkpoints; land disputes; the circulation of counterfeit money; and thefts of cultural heritage objects at temples. Politically-motivated crime primarily targeted the Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party (BLDP); the Cambodia People’s Party (CPP); the National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC); the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP); and the Molinaka and Naktaorsou Khmer for Freedom Party. The files contain: final and interim reports of investigations; victim and witness statements, as well as transcribed testimony, which often feature fingerprint impressions; hand drawn sketches; and photographs of crime scenes.

Also included among records of the Operations Branch are records of the Special Task Force, which was overseen by the Operations Branch and which reported to the Commissioner through the Chief of Operations. The Special Task Force investigated high-profile and politically sensitive cases and worked closely with Provincial Commanders, who maintained command of all Civilian Police-led investigations in the province. The records of the Special Task Force are arranged in chronological order by case number. The case files consist of: final reports; sworn statements of victims and witnesses; hand drawn maps; photographs of the crime scene; sketches indicating victims’ injuries; death certificates; and investigation diaries of the Special Task Force.

The records of the Operations Branch also include several station diaries and visit registers which document activities at the UNTAC Detention Centre. The UNTAC Detention Centre was administered by the Civilian Police and was located in Phnom Penh. The diaries and registers note: activities of the Detention Centre’s Chief Warden; patrol and hand-over operations at the Detention Centre; cell checking; and the physical condition of individual prisoners.

There are also records pertaining to Civilian Police policy and guidelines, and these include memoranda, briefs, and administrative circulars on topics such as: the maintenance of a neutral political environment; the duties of Civilian Police at polling stations and when monitoring political rallies and public meetings; the carriage of weapons and ammunition and the use of force; the procedures for arrest and prosecution; the procedures for investigation; the security of Vietnamese in Cambodia; and the handling of defectors from the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (NADK).

In addition, there is one file with information about the remains of American military personnel missing or killed during the Vietnam War and found in various locations in Cambodia. UNTAC obtained this information from Cambodian locals.

Civilian Police, Koh Kong Province
The records document the activities of the Civilian Police stationed in districts in Koh Kong Province in southwestern Cambodia. Included are daily and monthly situation reports prepared by District Commanders and sent to Provincial Commanders, noting the political climate, statistics on returnees, and progress on investigations of criminal activity and human rights violations. There are also briefs, authored by District Commanders, about: seizures of arms and ammunition; incidents, including murder, abduction, rampant firing, banditry, and robbery; faction activities; and weekly crime statistics. Also present are several case files for investigations carried out or monitored by the Civilian Police, including the killing of fourteen Vietnamese fishermen in the Chamkalor Village in the Botum Sakor District in October 1992. The case files contain: final reports, witness statements, hand drawn sketches of the crime scene, and photographs.

Civilian Police Liaison Cell
The Civilian Police Liaison Cell was established following the termination of the UNTAC mandate on 24 September 1993. The Cell was tasked with monitoring the crime situation in Phnom Penh and protecting United Nations personnel and property remaining in Cambodia during the post-UNTAC period. It was headed by the Chief Police Liaison Officer and was located at the headquarters of the Municipal Police Commissioner in Phnom Penh. The records consist of: briefs on the functions of the Civilian Police Liaison Cell; Standard Operating Procedures and administrative instructions for investigating and reporting criminal activity; daily and weekly situation reports noting incidents involving international personnel and local citizens, and activities of the local police; and tables with tallies on crime throughout thedistricts in Phnom Penh. The Civilian Police Liaison Cell was closed on 31 December 1993.