The title of S-1829 was drawn from the function series PKH.MAT002 “Management and Integration – Reporting to UNHQ” from the “Peacekeeping Headquarters Retention Schedule,” v. 2, August 2011, Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and Department of Field Support (DFS).
S-1829 consists of code cables and clear cables exchanged between peacekeeping mission headquarters in the field and Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) headquarters, and situation reports sent from peacekeeping mission headquarters to Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) headquarters on a daily and weekly basis. Monthly reports sent from the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) or Head of Mission (HoM) to Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) headquarters are also included.
Additionally, S-1829 contains a collection of end of mission reports, end of tour of duty reports, and debriefings of Heads of Missions, Force Commanders, Police Commissioners, and other high-ranking personnel deployed in the peacekeeping missions. Often written in the first person, the reports contain a wide variety of information about the missions, including: political and military background about specific conflicts; mission mandates and concepts of operations; functions of the missions’ components and offices; the history of mandate fulfilment in the mission; the achievements of the mission component or office under the command of the reporting staff; firsthand experiences of staff; difficulties and setbacks encountered in discharging duties and responsibilities; lessons learned about the mission; inter-mission relations; recommendations on policy, management, mission structure, and operations; the exit strategy for the mission; and the way ahead for the United Nations in the region.
Included in S-1829 are code cables and situation reports for the following peacekeeping missions and field offices:
United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II)
United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III)
United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS)
United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)
United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)
United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in Liberia (UNOL)
United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (MINUCI)
Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire (ONUCI)
United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)
United Nations Office in Burundi (UNOB)
United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
United Nations Operations in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)
United Nations Operations in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS)
United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
United Nations Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq (UNOHCI)
United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
United Nations Military Liaison Officers-Yugoslavia (UNMLO-Y)
United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Zagreb
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Belgrade
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Skopje
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Tirana
United Nations Peace Forces (UNPF)
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)
United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
Office of the Secretary-General in Afghanistan and Pakistan (OSGAP)
Office of the Secretary-General to Afghanistan (OSGA)
United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)
United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan (UNSMA)
United Nations Military Observer Group in India & Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)
United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)
United Nations Office in East Timor (UNOTIL)
United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
United Nations Mission in El Salvador (MINUSAL)
United Nations Support Unit in El Salvador
United Nations Verification Office in El Salvador (ONUV)
United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)
Mission Civile Internationale en Haïti (MICIVIH), OEA/ONU
United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)
United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)
United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II)
United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III)
Clear cables and code cables consist of: summaries of visits of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) Military Adviser Major General Van Kappen to UNAMVEM III; summaries of meetings between the SRSG and the President of Angola Jose Eduardo dos Santos; updates on the freeing of prisoners by the Government of Angola registered with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); updates on the induction of troops of the Forcas Armadas Angolanas (FAA) into the Quartering Areas; summaries of meetings among members of the Security Council and representatives of troop-contributing countries, and statements delivered at these meetings; papers on the special status of the president of UNITA, as granted by the Lusaka Protocol; and transcripts of the SRSG’s press conferences. There are also memoranda and reports covering such topics as: the collection of weapons handed over by UNITA to United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM); the transformation of the UNITA radio station “Vorgan” into a non-partisan station; the condition of roads in Angola; the methodology for the extension of state administration; the repatriation of mercenaries; and the extension of the mission mandate.
Daily situation reports provide updates on topics such as: the free circulation of people and goods in both Government- and UNITA-controlled areas; the appointments of government ministers and leadership changes occurring in UNITA; the extension of state administration; the implementation of the Lusaka Protocol; activities at the demining school in Viana; discoveries of mass graves; and military activities in the Eastern, Central, Northern, Southern, North Eastern, South Eastern regions of Angola. Situation reports note the SRSG’s meetings with: the Joint Commission, consisting of representatives of the Government of Angola, UNITA, and the Observer States (the Russian Federation, the United States, and Portugal); Dr. Jonas Savimbi, the president of UNITA, at the headquarters of UNITA in Bailundo; representatives of United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations; and heads of UNAVEM components. Daily situation reports also note incidents reported by the Civilian Police and allegedly carried out by elements of UNITA and FAA, such as: armed attacks against civilians by UNITA elements; the ambushing of vehicles by armed bandits; kidnappings and abductions; arson carried out against homes in villages; the mounting of road blocks; landmine explosions; the forced conscription of young men into UNITA forces; the unlawful arrest and detention of civilians; and cattle theft.
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
Code cables consist of: correspondence and communiqués exchanged between representatives of the POLISARIO Front and the SRSG; summaries of Security Council consultations; assessments by the Force Commander on the current situation in Western Sahara; correspondence and memoranda describing the Identification Commission and its work; memoranda describing logistics support provided to the mission; memoranda and notes about the establishment and living conditions of refugee camps, and on the movements of Saharawi people within the territory; memoranda on the release of Moroccan prisoners of war by the Frente POLISARIO.
In addition, code cables consist of: summaries of the meetings held by the Force Commander and the SRSG with POLISARIO Front authorities, and with authorities of the Royal Moroccan Army (RMA); summaries of meetings between officials of the United Nations Office of Special Political Affairs (OSPA) and United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) officials during their visit to United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in January 1992; and summaries of meetings between POLISARIO Front representatives and United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) officials held at the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) Liaison Office in Tindouf, Algeria.
Code cables exchanged between the SRSG and the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping include memoranda about a variety of subjects, including: negotiations about the Baker Plan and the resignation of Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General James A. Baker III; the development of confidence-building measures such as family visits exchanged between Saharawi refugees and their relatives living in Moroccan-held territories; demonstrations by pro-POLISARIO Front non-governmental organizations at the Moroccan Wall, which divides Moroccan-controlled and POLISARIO Front-controlled areas; and illegal immigration routes through Western Sahara to Morocco and Europe.
Daily and weekly situation reports detail: relations between the SRSG and Moroccan, Algerian, and Mauritanian government officials; violations of the ceasefire allegedly committed by the Frente POLISARIO and by the Royal Moroccan Army; visits by the Force Commander to the North and South Sectors; the manning of Observation Posts; and activities of Team Sites in the North and South Sectors. Also noted in situation reports are activities of the Identification Commission, which was established by the mission in 1994 to identify potential voters for participation in the referendum on the future sovereignty of the territory. Notes about operations carried out at Identification Centers detail: daily and weekly volume of voters identified; and the Saharawi tribes, fractions, and subfractions participating in the identification process.
United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS)
Code cables forwarded to Department of Political Affairs (DPA) from the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS), consist of: summaries of meetings and telephone conversations between the SRSG and Bissau-Guinean political officials, including the former president João Bernardo “Nino” Vieira, former President Kumba Yalá, and Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior; letters exchanged between the Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the President of Guinea-Bissau Henrique Pereira Rosa; memoranda noting visits of heads of state of neighbouring West African countries; the activities of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC); and briefs about the legislative elections held 28 March 2004 and the presidential elections held 19 June 2005. There are also memoranda and briefs on: the UNOGBIS mandate; elections of individuals to the Supreme Court; and the activities of the Transitional Government in 2003 and 2004. Notable records include: the End of Mission Report prepared by David Stephen, Representative of the Secretary-General (RSG) in Guinea-Bissau, dated 16 April 2004; the report of the Multidisciplinary Review Mission requested by the Security Council and dispatched to Guinea-Bissau during 12-17 February 2005; and the report of the End of Mission of the Special Envoy for Guinea-Bissau, dated 1 August 2005.
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)
Included among code cables are: summaries of meetings conducted by the SRSG, including with the President of Sierra Leone Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, and with General Issa Sesay, a commander in the Revolutionary United Front (RUF); summaries of meetings of the High-Level Contact Group held between officials of the Government of Sierra Leone (GOSL) and UNAMSIL officials; summaries of Police Steering Committee meetings held between members of the Sierra Leone Police, the Commonwealth Community Safety and Security Project, and UNAMSIL; summaries of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Donor Coordination meetings held between embassy officials, UNDP staff, UNAMSIL staff, and representatives of the European Union and the World Bank; reports about liquidation and the transition to the United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL); and periodic reports by the United Nations Assessment Team on the progress of UNAMSIL. The end of mission reports of the Police Commissioner and Force Commander are also found in the code cables.
In addition, the UNAMSIL code cables contain: consultations of the Security Council about the situation in Sierra Leone; draft reports of the Secretary-General on United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) for the Security Council; analyses of the general elections of 1996 and 2002, the local government elections of 2004, and the presidential and parliamentary elections of 2007; analyses of Paramount Chieftaincy elections; analyses on the reform of Sierra Leon’s National Electoral Commission and Political Parties Registration Commission; profiles of political parties; briefs on the diamond mining trade in Sierra Leone, regulation measures enacted by the GOSL on the diamond mining trade, and implementation of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for diamonds; weekly assessments of the demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants into civil society; statistics on child soldiers; briefs about the protection of civilians in armed conflict; and briefs on the facilitation the repatriation of refugees.
There are also monthly reports prepared by the UNAMSIL Human Rights Section, which detail: activities of the Sierra Leonean judiciary and the Special Court for Sierra Leone, including trials of President of Liberia Charles Taylor and prominent members of the Civil Defence Forces (CDF), Revolutionary United Front (RUF), and Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC); the mission’s monitoring of police stations; conditions in prisons and internment centers; developments in cases of human rights violations being monitored; investigations of mass graves conducted by forensic experts; activities of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission; training in human rights awareness provided to civilians and local police; statistics concerning refugee movements and humanitarian needs. Monthly reports by the Child Protection Adviser detail: training in child protection and child rights for mission personnel; updates on strengthening child protection measures in Sierra Leonean civil society; the reintegration of child ex-combatants and children separated from their families and communities; child trafficking; and issues concerning street children and refugee children.
Additional code cables, including monthly and daily situation reports, detail topics such as: relations between the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF) and the Sierra Leone Police; amputee rights; alleged violations of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora by UNAMSIL staff; the border dispute between Guinea and Sierra Leone over the town of Yenga; and youth unrest.
United Nations Peace-Building Support Office in Liberia (UNOL)
Code cables consist of: letters exchanged between the President of Liberia Charles Taylor and the Secretary-General, and letters exchanged between President Charles Taylor and the President of the Security Council; summaries of meetings between the SRSG and Liberian government ministers; analyses of activities of the Government of Liberia (GOL); text of President Charles Taylor’s addresses to the national legislature and to the nation; position statements of political parties and non-governmental organizations; comments and analyses of the UNOL mandate; annual reports on UNOL and overviews of its objectives; meeting summaries and reports about the Mano River Union, a regional economic union which during the mandate of UNOL comprised representatives of Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea; updates on UNOL’s weapons disposal program; briefs on border hostilities and tensions between Guinea and Liberia; and security briefs on activities of insurgents representing the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), a rebel group that sought to remove the Taylor government.
United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI)
Code cables consist of: briefs on activities of the Monitoring Committee, and on the implementation of the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement, signed on 23 January 2003; briefs for the Security Council on the situation in Cote d’Ivoire, describing developments affecting the political climate and activities of the SRSG in promoting the peace dialogue; briefs describing the Ivorian conflict and the challenges faced by the country in transitioning from a one-party state and patriarchal regime to a multi-party constitutional and democratic system; memoranda on demonstrations and incidents of small arms and machete violence resulting in the killing and injuring of civilians; and briefs on staffing and deployment. Additionally, there are summaries of meetings between MINUCI officials and leaders of FANCI (Forces Armée Nationales of Côte d'Ivoire), and summaries of meetings between the SRSG and: the president of Côte d'Ivoire Laurent Gbagbo; the Ivorian Prime Minister Seydou Diarra (May - October 2000); and heads of state of West African countries.
United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (ONUCI)
Code cables consist of: briefs on the security situation in the Zone of Confidence (ZOC), a buffer zone established between the Ivorian government and rebel groups, and patrolled by Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire (ONUCI) peacekeepers; reports by the Tripartite Monitoring Group, which detail major developments in the peace process in Cote d'Ivoire (the Tripartite Monitoring Group was established by the Accra III Agreement of 30 July 2004); updates on political and military developments for Security Council consultations on Cote d’Ivoire; reports on human rights violations in Cote d'Ivoire, including reports on incidents in Bouaké and reports by the Fact-Finding Mission on Human Rights Violations in Korhogo; briefs relating to the mediation effort led by the African Union and South African President Thabo Mbeki, which culminated in the Pretoria Agreement, signed on 6 April 2005; Media Monitoring Reports; briefs on the status of disarmament, dembilization, and reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants in Cote d'Ivoire; and briefs and memoranda on the activities of militia groups in Cote d’Ivoire, and on the Young Patriots, a youth movement supportive of Gbabo and his ruling Ivorian Popular Front party. There are also summaries of meetings between the SRSG and: the President of Cote d'Ivoire Laurent Gbagbo; the Prime Minister of Cote d'Ivoire Charles Konan Banny (2005-2007); leaders of the Forces Nouvelles; and heads of state of neigboring countries, including Burkina Faso, Niger, and Senegal.
United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
Code cables consist of: summaries of meetings of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General’s (SRSG) with the President of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Joseph Kabila; summaries of meetings of the SRSG with heads of state of countries neighboring the DRC, including the President of Rwanda Paul Kagame and the President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki; summaries of meetings of the Force Commander with the Minister of Defence of the DRC; outlines of the political, military, security, and humanitarian strategies of MONUC in the Ituri region and the eastern provinces; memoranda related to the activities and arrest of Mathieu Ngudjolo, a former senior commander of the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI); reports about the taking and release of hostages; minutes for meetings of the Security Management Committee; informal consultations of the Security Council on the situation in the DRC; and letters exchanged between the Secretary-General and heads of state in the Great Lakes Region.
Additionally, code cables include briefs and memoranda about: the efforts of the Transitional Government, set up in July 2003, to re-establish state authority throughout the DRC; the activities of the International Commission to Accompany the Transition (CIAT), a body that was composed of the five permanent members of the Security Council plus representatives of Angola, Belgium, Canada, Gabon, South Africa, Zambia, the African Union, the European Union and MONUC; cooperation between MONUC and the International Criminal Court (ICC); measures issued by the SRSG to combat sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) perpetrated by MONUC personnel; and diamond mining and the local economy. Also included are Memoranda of Understanding relevant to MONUC’s operations and activities.
There are also: weekly summaries describing MONUC military activities; a Campaign Plan for MONUC Eastern Division forces dated 14 March 2005; and the MONUC Rules of Engagement dated 14 February 2006; correspondence on the operations of MONUC’s Ituri Brigade, which coordinated with the Armed Forces of the DRC to intervene in the Ituri conflict; and briefs about arms trafficking in the Ituri region. Additionally, there are reports about the brassage process, the formal integration, beginning in 2004, of combatants from various armed groups in the DRC, to dismantle faction loyalties and form a National, Restructured and Integrated Army (NRIA). Also present are: Standard Operating Procedures, dated 8 January 2004, for arrests and detentions carried out by the MONUC Ituri Brigade; and updates about individuals held in detention at MONUC military camps, the status of accused individuals awaiting trial, and the conditions of prisons in the DRC.
Daily reports sent from the MONUC Office in Bunia, located in the Ituri district in the north east, note: political developments; field trips undertaken by MONUC staff to towns and villages near Bunia to verify human rights protection and the humanitarian situation; relations among ethnic groups in the Ituri region, particularly between the Lendu farmers and the Hema herdsmen; meetings between MONUC military officers and leaders of a rebel groups, particularly the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI); the exodus of local populations of towns and villages to camps for internally displaced persons (IDP); and the discoveries of mass graves.
Monthly reports of the MONUC Human Rights Section note: obstruction of justice, maltreatment, looting and destruction of property, arbitrary arrest, extrajudicial executions, massacres, killings done by machete and other crude instruments, disappearances, family separation, hostage taking, forced labor, detention in clandestine underground cells, and sexual violence carried out throughout provinces in the DRC by members of armed rebel groups on the civilian population. These groups include: the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI), Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC), former troops of the Congolese National Army (ANC), Mai-Mai militias, and Forces Armées du Peuple Congolais (FAPC). Monthly human rights reports also describe incidents of cannibalism. There are also briefs about the arrests and trials of warlords who operated in the Ituri region and in the eastern provinces of North Kivu and South Kivu, who were suspected of orchestrating massacres and large scale human rights violations targeting various ethnic groups, including Rwandaphone community, the Hunde ethnic group, the Banyamulenge ethnic group, and the Alur ethnic group.
The “MONUC Ituri Special Report” dated 20 April 2004 describes gross violations of human rights in the Ituri region between January 2002 and December 2003. There is a report dated 13 September 2004 about the massacre that took place on 13 August 2004 at a transit centre housing Banyamulenge and Burundian refugees in the village of Gatumba, Burundi, that killed approximately 166 civilians. The Gatumba report was jointly authored by MONUC and the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB). There are also reports about killings, abductions, forced labor, and sexual slavery in communities along the shore of Lake Albert.
Monthly reports of the MONUC Child Protection Section cover such topics as: child soldier demobilization, child victims of sexual abuse, and health and vaccination campaigns for children.
United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)
Code cables consist of briefs and memoranda on a variety of topic, including: the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), brokered in 2005 and signed by the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A); inter-factional fighting in Darfur; troop movements and militia attacks in Eastern Sudan, and on the deployment of the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army; and violence and political and military tensions along the Sudan/Chad border. There are also: summaries of the SRSG’s visits to Asmara, Eritrea, to meet with leaders of the Eastern Front (a coalition of rebel groups opertating in eastern Sudan along the border with Eritrea), Eritrean government officials, and Sudanese political groups; meeting summaries and notes to the file on negotiations among the parties in conflict attended by United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS) officials and held in Abuja, Nigeria, which culminated with the signing of the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) on 5 May 2006 between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM); briefs on the human rights situation in Darfur, and meeting summaries of the Sub-Committee of the Joint Implementation Mechanism for Human Rights and Protection (Sub-JIM); updates for the Security Council on developments in United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS); briefs on camps for internally displaced persons (IDP); and analyses and discussion papers on topics such as countering violence against women in Darfur and mine action support in Sudan. There are also summaries of meetings held by the SRSG with: President of Sudan Omar al-Bashir; President of Eritrea Isaias Afwerki; leaders of the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS); and John Garang, a Sudanese politician and leader of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement (SPLM/A).
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
Code cables include: notes on proceedings and informal consultations of the Security Council on the situation in Rwanda; briefs exchanged between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) Military Adviser Franklin van Kappen and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMIR) Force Commander; military assessments authored by the Force Commander Major General Romeo A. Dallaire; letters exchanged between United Nations officials and representatives of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF); reports of mass murders and atrocities; memoranda and reports pertaining to the work of the Commission of Inquiry on Kibeho; briefs and analyses on the location and security of United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMIR) headquarters, anti-United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMIR) sentiment, and prison conditions in Rwanda; briefs on United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMIR)’s withdrawl plan Operation Harbour Lights; memoranda detailing visits by members of the Commission of Experts to Rwanda in 1994 and actions of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and of its prosecutors. There are also: analytical summaries of broadcasts on the Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), a Rwandan radio station that played a role in the genocide; transcripts of broadcasts on Radio Rwanda and Radio Muhabura; and memoranda and updates on the operations of Radio United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMIR). Records related to the refugee crisis detail: logistics operations and the collection of intelligence in refugee camps; the categories of refugees in the camp population; camp infrastructure; humanitarian activities; and reasons for the delay of repatriation. There are also: briefs on the refugee situation in Burundi: and reports about Rwandan refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania, which describe security in the camps and the intimidation of refugees by extremist elements. Also included are summaries of meetings of the Force Commander with the Chief of Staff of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and summaries of the SRSG’s meetings with: Rwandan President Pasteur Bizimungu; Rwandan Vice-President General Paul Kagame; and Prime Minister Pasteur Twagiramungu.
Daily situation reports detail: the SRSG’s and Force Commander’s activities; patrol, reconnaissance, and investigation conducted by Military Observers in sectors; incidents of banditry, cattle theft, raiding of homes, landmine explosions, beatings, machete killings, and discoveries of mass graves; visits to prisons; arrests due to alleged participation in the 1994 genocide; civil demonstrations and conditions at primary schools; activities of bourgemestres in communes; the delivery of humanitarian aid; and the safe and voluntary return of refugees to locations in Rwanda, conditions experienced by returnees to Rwanda, and the registration of returnees at commune offices.
United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
Code cables sent from United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Asmara, Eritrea, consist of: summaries of meetings of the SRSG with Ethiopian and Eritrean government ministers, foreign ambassadors, representatives of the African Union, and the Friends of United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE); reports of incidents in the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ), a 25-kilometer buffer zone created by the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities between Ethiopia and Eritrea, signed on 18 June 2000; reports of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) Human Rights Office on conditions experienced by residents of contested areas along the Ethiopian-Eritrean border, including harassment, disputes over the use of good grazing land, looting of houses, and abductions; summaries of meetings of the Military Coordination Commission (MCC), a body mandated by the Agreement; briefings and informal consultations of the Security Council on United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE); letters exchanged between the Secretary-General and the Heads of State of Ethiopia and Eritrea; analyses and briefs on the work of the Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission (EEBC); correspondence and memoranda concerning such topics as drought and food security, Ethiopia’s release of Eritrean prisoners of war and Eritrean civilian internees, animal rustling, and landmine clearance; and implementation plans and outlines of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) mandate.
Situation reports note: political developments in Ethiopia and Eritrea as monitored by the SRSG; battalion training, patrolling, and reconnaissance carried out in Sector East, Sector Centre, and Sector West; battalion encounters with local militia; denials of freedom of movement of United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) military units; humanitarian activities, such as visits by humanitarian workers to local schools and medical clinics, and conditions and infrastructure requirements at camps for internally displaced persons (IDP); and mine action activities.
United Nations Operations in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)
United Nations Operations in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
Code cables include: memoranda pertaining to the Addis Ababa Agreement of 1993 and the 1993 Conference on National Reconciliation in Somalia; summaries of informal consultations of the Security Council about the situation in Somalia; summaries of meetings between United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM) officials and representatives of humanitarian agencies; briefs on the security situation in Mogadishu; and statements issued by Mohamed Farrah Aided, Chairman of the Somali National Alliance (SNA).
Situation reports detail military, political, humanitarian, and civil affairs activities of the United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM) and United Nations Operations in Somalia II (UNOSOM) missions. Noted about the military situation are: organized violence, including ambushes, battles, mortar attacks, and sniper activity; activities of armed gangs, factional militia, and militia on sea; inter-clan fighting in villages; convoy escort and troop movements; discoveries of weapons and explosives caches; demonstrations around United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMIR)-occupied buildings; and activities of United States Marines. Political developments described in situation reports include: progress of peace and reconciliation conferences and factors impeding the reconciliation process; political developments in Mogadishu, Belet Weyne, Hargeisa, Baidoa, and other cities in Somalia; meetings of UNOSOM political officers and clan elders; discussions between the Political Affairs Division officials and clan representatives about the formation of district and regional councils in Somalia; inaugurations attended by the SRSG of district councils; training workshops for new district councilors; meetings of the SRSG with the President of Somalia Ali Mahdi Mouhammad and Somali factional leaders; and visits by the SRSG to villages in Somalia. Humanitarian activities noted are: activities of humanitarian agencies, such as World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Food Programme (WFP), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and OXFAM; agricultural assessments; drought and locust control conditions; measures to address malnutrition and starvation; locations and statistics of cholera outbreaks; assessments of small scale social service projects; the rehabilitation of school buildings and restoration of education services; and refugee movements.
United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS)
Code cables sent to Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) headquarters from the UNPOS headquarters operating from Nairobi, Kenya consist of: briefs concerning the 3 January 1997 signing of the Sodere Declaration in Sodere, Ethiopia, in which Somali leaders agreed to set up a National Salvation Council and a National Executive Committee in preparation for the establishment of a transitional government in Somalia; briefs concerning the cancellation of a peace conference in 1998 in Baidoa, Somalia, due to security concerns; briefs concerning the Mbagathi Conference, which was organized by the Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) and held in Kenya between 2002 and 2004, and addresses delivered at sessions of the conference; and briefs on the 10 October 2004 elections for the President of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG).
UNPOS code cables also include: summaries of the SRSG’s political visits to countries neighbouring Somalia, including Ethiopia, Djibouti, Egypt, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia, and summaries of the SRSG’s meetings with heads of state and politicians; letters exchanged between the Secretary-General and the President of the Republic of Somalia Dr. Abdikassim Salad Hassan, as well as the Prime Minister of Somalia Khalif Galaydh; analyses of the situation in Mogadishu and the activities of faction leaders and warlords; analyses of the activities of the de facto government in Somaliland, a region in northeastern Somalia which declared itself an autonomous state in 1991; memoranda and analyses of the constitutional crisis in Puntland, a region in northeastern Somalia which declared itself an autonomous state in 1998; and draft reports by the Secretary-General about the situation in Somalia.
Memoranda exchanged between the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of UNPOS describe: the security situation in Somalia, including banditry and threats to the safety of humanitarian workers; violations of ceasefire agreements; droughts, floods, and other natural disasters; diseases affecting UN staff, such as Rift Valley fever and cholera; the declaration made on 29 July 1998 by the president of Somaliland that United Nations Development Programme staff members were personae non gratae; reform of Somalia’s parliament structure and membership; and other political incidents, such as accusations by President Abdiqasim Salad Hassan of the Transitional National Government (TNG) that Ethiopia violated the arms embargo on Somalia by supplying weapons to warlords opposed to the Transitional Government.
United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
Code cables consist of: summaries of meetings between United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) officials and Iraqi and Kuwaiti government officials; briefs on tensions in the Iraq-Kuwait border area, the security situation in Umm Qasr, the deployment of infantry battalions, and on the maintenance of ammunition bunkers; updates on the pillar demarcation of the border between Iraq and Kuwait; updates on activities of the Iraqi police; summaries of meetings of the Technical Sub-Committee of Military and Civilian Missing and Mortal Remains, chaired by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); and analyses and updates on United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)’s monitoring of the Khawr Abd Allah waterway.
Situation reports received from United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) headquarters in Umm Qasr, Iraq, detail: Iraqi and Kuwaiti violations in the demilitarized zones (DMZ), including the sighting of aircraft, machine gun fire, and weapons possession; activities at border checkpoints; restrictions on the freedom of movement of United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) personnel; shipping activities on the Iraqi and Kuwaiti sides of the border, including patrolling and dredging; the movement of international cargo ships in the Umm Qasr Port; illegal fishing activities; the repatriation of Iraqi and Kuwaiti nationals and their families; civilian demonstrations; and abductions, disappearances, and causalities of civilians.
United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)
Code cables consist of: analyses of Security Council meetings on Iraq; summaries of meetings attended by United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) officials on issues relating to the Iraqi Kurdistan Region; reports of human rights violations in Iraqi detention centers; papers on the humanitarian needs of refugees and internally displaced persons in Iraq and in neighboring countries; updates on proceedings of the Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT), and on the trial of Saddam Hussein held in 2005-2006; reports and analyses of security incidents, including explosions of roadside bombs, abductions, kidnapping for ransom, unlawful arrest, and torture; reports and briefs and on Sunni-Shiite intercommunal violence and sectarian violence in Iraq. In addition, there are memoranda, briefs, and analyses about: elections in Iraq; the formation of a new government and the constitution-making process in Iraq; the role of the United Nations in Iraq; the activities of the Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNF-I); and the International Compact with Iraq. Code cables also include summaries of meetings between the SRSG and: Iraqi Prime Ministers Ibrahim al-Jaafari and Nouri al-Maliki; the Iraqi President Jalal Talabani; Iraqi government ministers; and foreign ambassadors. There are also summaries of high-level meetings on the situation in Iraq held at United Nations headquarters in New York between United Nations officials and United States officials.
Security risk assessment (SRA) reports detail structural and non-structural vulnerabilities, mitigating factors of threats, and risk levels for identified threats. Included are SRA for: the Forward Support Base at the Baghdad International Airport; the compound of the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI) in Baghdad; the Tamimi Compound in Baghdad; the Erbil International Airport in northern Iraq; the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) Compound in Amman, Jordan; the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) Compound in Kheitan, Kuwait; and additional locations.
United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
UNSCO code cables were sent from offices located in Jerusalem and Gaza, and consist of: summaries of meetings between UNSCO officials and Palestinian, Israeli, Lebanese, Jordanian, Egyptian, and Syrian government officials; summaries of meetings of the Middle East Quartet; notes on informal consultations of the Security Council on the Middle East and on the question of Palestine; summaries of public meetings on the Middle East held by the Security Council; briefs addressed to the Security Council, which cover Palestinian and Israeli political developments, the Road Map for peace proposed by the Middle East Quartet, and security incidents and the humanitarian situation in the region; briefs on UNSCO visits to the West Bank; briefs and technical surveys about the supply and utilization of the Hasbani River and the Wazzani Springs situated between Lebanon and Israel; and updates on incidents occurring along the Blue Line, a border demarcation between Lebanon and Israel established by the United Nations in June 2000.
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
Code cables were sent from United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) headquarters in Nicosia and consist of: analyses of United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)’s mandate and its renewal; reports on human rights violations allegedly carried out by Greek Cypriot police; Quarterly Gender Reports; reports on the security of the fenced area of Varosha, a quarter in the abandoned Cypriot city of Famagusta monitored by the United Nations, and on the proposed transfer of control of Varosha to the Government of the Republic of Cyprus; and correspondence pertaining to Turkish and Greek relations in the village of Pyla, located in the Buffer Zone, and to the village’s administration and building plans. Code cables also include summaries of meetings of the Head of Mission with: Rauf Denktash, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1983-2005); Mahmet Ali Talat, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (2005-2010); Glafcos Clerides, President of the Republic of Cyprus (1993-2003); and Turkish and Greek ambassadors and government officials. There are also memoranda and reports pertaining to such topics as: violations of the ceasefire and incursions in the Buffer Zone; the activities of the Turkish terrorist organization Grey Wolves; political parties in Cyprus; mine clearance; and confidence-building measures (CBM) aimed at the reopening of the Nicosia International Airport. Also included are memoranda, correspondence, and summaries of meetings documenting the activities of the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP), including the establishment of the Forensic Anthropological Laboratory, and its work on the exhumation and identification of human remains. The committee was set up in 1981 by the General Assembly to search for Greeks and Cypriots missing as a result of the conflicts in 1963-1964 and 1974.
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Zagreb
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Belgrade
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Skopje
United Nations Liaison Office (UNLO), Tirana
Included are records received from United Nations Liaison Offices in: Zagreb, Croatia; Belgrade, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY); Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM); and Tirana, Albania. Among these records are: briefs and memoranda about developments taking place in politics and government, such as appointments, election results, constitutional amendments, pending laws, activities of government officials, activities of political parties, and civil unrest; weekly reports; reports of visits undertaken by UNMO officials to locations in the region; summaries of meetings between UNLO officials and government representatives; and summaries of meetings between UNLO officials and heads of missions in the former Yugoslavia. There are also analyses and briefs on such topics as: the role of the European Union in regional stability; border delineation and demarcation; ethnic tensions; relations between the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and governments; the arrests of individuals accused of war crimes; and reactions to ICTY sentencing.
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)
Code cables sent from the headquarters of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) in Kabul, Afghanistan consist of: summaries of meetings between the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) and the President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai; summaries of meetings between the SRSG and heads of state of neighboring countries, including the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Russian Federation; papers about the implementation of the Bonn Agreement, signed by Afghanistan on 5 December 2001 under the auspices of the United Nations, which note reconstruction developments in Afghanistan and the drafting of a new Constitution; updates about meetings of the Constitutional Loya Jirga, or grand assembly of representatives of Afghanistan’s tribes and factions, on the approval of the Constitution in January 2004; and reports about the implementation of the Afghanistan Compact, adopted at the 2006 London Conference on Afghanistan, which convened representatives of the Government of Afghanistan (GoA), donor countries, and the United Nations.
Other briefs concern: the presidential election held 9 October 2004; the parliamentary and provincial council elections held 18 September 2005; the activities of the Joint Electoral Management Body (JEMB), the independent body mandated to oversee the electoral process during the transitional period; the activities of the Afghan National Assembly, made up of the Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) and the Meshrano Jirga (House of the Elders); strategies proposed by UNAMA on strengthening the authority of the Afghan government in remote provinces; and assistance provided by UNAMA and United Nations agencies for the reform of the Afghan justice, police and security sectors. There are also briefs prepared by the UNAMA Liaison Office in Tehran, Iran which describe the situation in Afghanistan from the Iranian perspective. Periodic analyses of the political situation from UNAMA’s Liaison Office in Islamabad, Pakistan cover: relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan; the activities of the Taliban in northern Pakistan, including the movement of the Taliban across the Afghanistan-Pakistan border; the question of support by Pakistan for the Taliban; and military activities on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border and in the areas of Waziristan and Baluchistan in Pakistan.
Additionally, there are briefs and updates about: the United Nations-assisted disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme (DDR), noting weapons collection in various locations throughout Afghanistan; the development of the Afghan National Army (ANA); and the activities of national and international military forces operating in Afghanistan, including the Afghan National Army (ANA), the Coalition Forces under the command of the United States, and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
Security reports describe violent incidents occurring throughout Afghanistan. Noted are: suicide and car bombings, explosions of and/or removal operations for improvised explosive devices (IED), beheadings, civilian unrest, drug-related violence, criminal activities, fighting between insurgents and anti-Government elements (AGE), and assaults on United Nations staff and property. The security reports note the number of individuals killed and injured, the group claiming responsibility for the attack, and possible political and military motivations for the attacks.
Other briefs and memoranda cover: activities of the UNAMA Gender Unit and the Afghan Ministry of Women’s Affairs; media coverage of national and international reporting on events in Afghanistan; and poppy planting trends and counter narcotics measures. Additionally, there are briefs that note alleged sites of mass graves in Afghanistan and forensic investigations of these sites proposed by Physicians for Human Rights in conjunction with Afghan authorities and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)
Clear cables and situation reports received from United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) headquarters in Kabul, Afghanistan, and Islamabad, Pakistan, provide information about: violations of the Agreements on the Settlement of the Situation Relating to Afghanistan signed on 14 April 1988 (also known as the Geneva Accords), which were registered with the mission by Afghanistan and Pakistan; investigations carried out by United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) personnel of reports of violations of the Geneva Accords; fighting in Kabul between the Afghan Army and the de facto forces (DFF); the battle for the Afghan city of Jalalabad enacted by the Mujahidin; Mujahidin-led fighting in other Afghan cities, including Kandahar and Lashkarhgar; and movements of Afghan refugees returning to Afghanistan. The violations describe: air and ground incursions; militia training camps in Pakistan for Afghan opposition groups; acts of sabotage; and captured arms and ammunition.
United Nations Military Observer Group in India & Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
Situation reports were sent from United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) headquarters in Srinagar, India, and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, to Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) headquarters in New York. They detail: the military situation along the Line of Control (LOC), which was the ceasefire line agreed to by India and Pakistan in 1949; activities of Military Observers along the LOC; alleged ceasefire violations (ACFV) lodged with the mission; investigations of ACFVs undertaken by the mission; international diplomatic interventions in the conflict; activities of Benazir Bhutto, a leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party; activities of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC); and military and political developments as reported by the Indian and Pakistani press. Situation reports also note the military and political situation in the Kashmir Valley, the Jammu and Kashmir state, and in the Poonch District, a district of Kashmir divided between India and Pakistan. Also noted are hostilities and armed clashes carried out by Muslim militant groups, including the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) and the Hizbul-Mujahidin, such as: small arms fire; bomb and grenade throwing aimed at civilians; attacks on military training areas; the destruction of village homes; abductions; and the hijackings of vehicles. Additionally, the reports note: parties declaring responsibility for terrorist acts; United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)’s interventions in the kidnappings of six western tourists by the Al-Faran terrorist group in 1995; casualties; the release of detainees and prisoners; the activities of Amnesty International; and civilian demonstrations and the imposition of curfew.
United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)
Code cables sent from United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) headquarters in Dili, East Timor, consist of: briefs and memoranda about the admission of East Timor to the United Nations on 27 September 2002; outlines of United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) military operations; reports on belligerence between the Falintil-Timor Leste Defence Force (F-FDTL) and the National Police of East Timor (PNTL); briefs on the functions and deployment of the Rapid Deployment Service (RDS), the mission’s specialist police unit that dealt with threats posed by armed groups in border areas and rural areas in East Timor; reports on demonstrations organized by Catholics, university students, and other groups; reports prepared by the International Observer to the Ad Hoc Human Rights Court in Jakarta; briefs on the activities of the Commission of Experts (COE), a group tasked by the Security Council to review the prosecution of crimes against humanity committed in East Timor in 1999 and reports of oral briefings to the Security Council on developments in United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET). There are also briefs, analyses, and communiqués on such topics as: support for the East Timorese justice sector; elections of local Chefes de Suco; the activities of armed groups in East Timor; disturbances in prisons; and riots and civilian unrest.
Additionally, there are summaries of the SRSG’s meetings with: the President of East Timor Xanana Gusmão; the Prime Minister of East Timor Mari Alkatiri; the President of the National Parliament of East Timor Francisco “Lu Olo” Guterres; government officials of Indonesia and neighboring countries; and foreign ambassadors. Meeting topics cover: the demarcation of the land border between East Timor and West Timor, the Indonesian portion of the island of Timor; Indonesian opposition to the work of the COE; the gathering of prosecutorial evidence against suspects under investigation for atrocities committed in 1999, the year the referendum on East Timor’s independence was held; human rights abuses allegedly committed by the National Police of East Timor (PNTL); state institution-building and industry development in East Timor; Australian-Timorese discussions on oil and gas resources in the Timor Sea; the grievances of veterans and ex-combatants; the resettlement and repatriation of Timorese refugees; and the language of instruction in Timorese schools.
United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)
Code cables sent from United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) headquarters in Guatemala City include: United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)’s reports on the verification of the Agreement on the Definitive Ceasefire between the Government of Guatemala and the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG), which was signed in Oslo on 4 December 1996; summaries of meetings of the Consultative Group; reports on activities of armed groups in Guatemala; memoranda on security threats to United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) staff; briefs on activities of the Guatemalan Human Rights Ombudsman; reports about prison riots and inter-gang violence in prisons; memoranda pertaining to United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)’s support of leaders of indigenous communities in the peace process; and briefs on strikes carried out by agencies in the private sector. Also included are summaries of meetings between the SRSG and: the President of Guatemala Alfonso Portillo (2000-2004); the former President of Guatemala Ramiro de León Carpio (1993-1996); the Guatemalan Congressional President Efraín Ríos-Montt, and other government ministers; foreign ambassadors; and representatives of the Group of Friends of Guatemala.
Situation reports provide information about: political developments and activities of the Government of Guatemala, including constitutional reforms and activities of political parties; the SRSG’s visits to departments in Guatemala; incidents of politically-motivated violence; the activities of United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGO) operating in Guatemala; developments related to the murder of anthropologist Myrna Mack, the murder of Monsignor Juan José Gerardi Conedera, and other high-profile human rights cases; and the resettlement of former combatants and internally displaces persons (IDPs).
United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
Code cables sent from United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) headquarters in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to United Nations headquarters, New York, encompass: summaries of meetings of the Friends of the Secretary-General for Haiti; summaries of the Trilateral Commission, attended by representatives of the Government of Haiti (GOH), United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH), and Friends of the Secretary-General for Haiti, which detail measures taken to transfer to the GOH, the responsibilities and functions United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) had been carrying out on behalf of the GOH; military situation reports noting activities in mission-designated zones; comments and corrections to the Secretary-General’s report to the Security Council about United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) operations; and summaries of informal consultations of the Security Council on developments in Haiti. There are also briefs on: the United States presence in Haiti; the activities of President of Haiti Jean-Bertrand Aristide; elections; the future of United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH); infrastructure developments; and civilian demonstrations. Weekly executive summaries by the SRSG detail: political, economic and humanitarian developments; and developments in the Haitian Nation Police (HNP) and in the justice sector. They also provide maps on deployment and figures on incidents, such as vigilante and non-vigilante murders, threats against United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) personnel, assault, armed robbery, looting, and jail escapes.
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
Code cables sent from the MINUSTAH headquarters operating from Port-au-Prince, Haiti consist of memoranda and briefs on the following topics: the 2004 Haitian coup d’etat, and resulting exile of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide; MINUSTAH operations against armed groups illegally occupying Haitian National Police commissariats post-coup; the occupation of Aristide’s home by former members of the Haitian Armed Forces (FADH), led by rebel leader Ravix Remissainthe; the interim government of Prime Minister Gérard Latortue and President Boniface Alexandre; the arrest and illegal detention of Prime Minister Yvon Neptune on charges of participation in the La Scierie Massacre in Saint Marc from 9 to 11 February 2004; the February 2006 election of René Préval as President, and related security incidents and demonstrations; MINUSTAH and Haitian National Police armed operations against gang leaders in Cité Soleil, such as Gren Sonnen and Emmanuel Wilmer; accusations by human rights organizations that MINUSTAH’s operations against gangs had caused civilian deaths; and the activities of the Group of 184, the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti (FRAPH), and other militant groups. There are also minutes of meetings of the Core Group on Haiti established in 2004, which was chaired by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and promoted cooperation between MINUSTAH and the donor and diplomatic communities. Other records include meeting minutes of the Friends of Haiti and proceeding of the Security Council about MINUSTAH.