International Civilian Mission in Haiti, OAS/UN (MICIVIH)
Records originating from MICIVIH’s bases reflect Observers’ relations with the Haitian Armed Forces (FADH), the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti (FRAPH), the Multinational Force (MNF), and the United States Special Forces (USSF). The records primarily consist of Observer-authored memoranda concerning: the USSF mandate regarding law enforcement and the Haitian judicial system; a shooting incident at a demonstration involving USSF on 22 November 1995, and monitoring of police and justice conditions after the shooting; cases of fourteen allegedly illegal arrests made by the Multinational Force (MNF) which occurred at Base 2 in November and December of 1994; arms caches reported to the mission; the legality of arms searches and associated arrests conducted by Haitian National Police (HNP) and judicial authorities; the Multinational Force (MNF) disarmament weapon buyback programs; and the use of arms during demonstrations.
United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
Many records of UNMIH’s U3 Operations concern the Haitian municipal, parliamentary, and presidential elections held in 1995. These records are comprised of: Fragment Orders (FRAGOs) covering logistical, planning and security arrangements provided during the electoral process, and reflecting the mission’s close coordination with the Haitian electoral authorities; daily election summaries (ELECTSUM) about the monitoring of the voter registration, the delegate selection processes, the distribution of electoral material, and other activities in various geographic locations throughout Haiti; and maps indicating voting locations and electoral incidents. Also included are election returns drafted by the Haitian Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) for the 25 June 1995 and 17 September 1995 elections.
Also present in the records are FRAGOs that describe: UNMIH-named Areas of Interest (AOI) where incidents of violence often occurred; UNMIH support for the deployment of Haitian National Police (HNP) in Port-au-Prince; the furnishing of equipment to assist the HNP; enhanced security for President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President René Préval, and visits to Haiti by diplomats and foreign government officials; coordination with the United States Department of State Security Team; the security of satellite communications; airport safety; aviation support; humanitarian convoys; and engineering improvements.
The records of U3 Operations also include: security analyses and planning for the inauguration of President Préval on 7 February 1996; a report titled “Estimate of the Situation” about the establishment of a temporary detention center for youth gang members, dated 1 January 1996; after-action reports detailing UNMIH activities with regard to safety at large public events; a program outline for UNMIH’s Special Operations Task Force (SOTF); summaries of routine and non-routine patrol activities; and security procedures for supporting food convoys.
United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)
U4 Headquarters records consist in part of: a 23 July 1997 briefing for the incoming Force Commander, with a Force organizational chart; operation orders for responses to natural disasters and mass casualties; and a mission security plan to integrate civilian staff into the Port-au-Prince safe area.
U3 Operations records also consist of Fragment Orders (FRAGOs), which amend operation orders based on conditions on the ground, about: cooperation with the HNP; the protection of government officials; and military patrols in support of the parliamentary elections held in April 1997. UNSMIH records also include code cable executive summaries from the Special Representative for the Secretary-General (SRSG) Enrique ter Horst about military, humanitarian, and electoral issues, especially concerning the activities of the Provisional Electoral Council (CEP). There are also information summaries about: civil disturbances such as attacks against former de facto regime members and strikes for unpaid wages; arrests made and activities monitored by the Haitian National Police (HNP); and the electoral process, including summaries of political demonstrations and acts of political intimidation against civilians.
Additional records about electoral support include: a brief for the Force Commander on support for the April 1997 elections; an election timeline prepared by the CEP; a memorandum about election security planning, dated 6 February 1997; and a code cable about final election results, dated 28 April 1997, and sent from the SRSG to the Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)
The records of UNTMIH’s U4 Logistics Planning and Coordination Cell include: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); U4 briefings which include presentations about the role of the U4; and a 25 November 1997 End of Mission Report.
The UNTMIH Force Standing Operating Procedures (FSOPs) describe key military positions and staff guidelines. The records reflect the duties of the U3 Operations Officer, including: day-to-day planning, coordination and direction of all UNTMIH Force operations; supervision of duty watch staff in the UNTMIH operations centre; and preparation of Warning Orders (WngO), Fragment Orders (FRAGOs), and operations briefs. Additional duties of the U3 Operations Officer included: the preparation of the Force Commander’s briefing book; the provision of follow-up responses to the Force Commander’s queries; and planning and coordination of joint operations with Civilian Police (CIVPOL) and the Haitian National Police (HNP).